{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1973-10-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-10-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1973-10-01","date_display":"October 1, 1973 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1973,"month":10,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441956.770833,"kali_year":5075,"ahargana":1853491.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":163.5511,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":218.3753,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":54.8242,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.8242},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":218.3753,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.042},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":21.9264},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1973,"month":10,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441956.770833,"ahargana":1853491.2708,"kali_year":5075,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.4863,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":164.23355100000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":217.131351,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.5624},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":15.199151000000029,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":184.24255100000005,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":279.134051,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":207.43905100000006,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":71.25965100000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":253.1128,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":73.1128,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1973,"month":10,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441956.770833,"kali_year":5075,"ahargana":1853491.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":163.5511,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":218.3753,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":54.8242,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.8242},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":218.3753,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.042},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":21.9264},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.562,"elongation":54.824},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.562,"opposition_distance":125.176}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:27","sunsetLocal":"17:24","solarNoonLocal":"11:26","dayLengthHours":11.950362763302579,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 57 Mins 01 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 02 Mins 59 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:30","moonsetLocal":"20:25","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"06:57","end":"08:27","startHours":6.9482445606517915,"endHours":8.442039906064615,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:56","end":"11:26","startHours":9.935835251477435,"endHours":11.42963059689026,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:55","end":"14:25","startHours":12.92342594230308,"endHours":14.417221287715904,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:15","end":"08:38","startHours":8.242867193342905,"endHours":8.641212618786323,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:57","end":"06:16","startHours":5.952380997043243,"endHours":6.271057337397979,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:02","end":"11:50","startHours":11.03128517144684,"endHours":11.82797602233368,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:52","end":"04:39","startHours":3.861067513465292,"endHours":4.657758364352131,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:28","end":"05:27","startHours":4.458585651630421,"endHours":5.454449215238969,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:25","end":"14:13","startHours":13.421357724107356,"endHours":14.218048574994194,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:12","end":"17:36","startHours":17.20481197854155,"endHours":17.604811978541548,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:24","end":"17:54","startHours":17.40481197854155,"endHours":17.90274376034582,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:09","end":"18:54","startHours":17.15481197854155,"endHours":18.90481197854155,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:02","end":"23:50","startHours":23.03128517144684,"endHours":23.82797602233368,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:27","end":"06:57","startHours":5.454449215238969,"endHours":6.9482445606517915,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:57","end":"08:27","startHours":6.9482445606517915,"endHours":8.442039906064615,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:27","end":"09:56","startHours":8.442039906064615,"endHours":9.935835251477435,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:56","end":"11:26","startHours":9.935835251477435,"endHours":11.42963059689026,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:26","end":"12:55","startHours":11.42963059689026,"endHours":12.92342594230308,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:55","end":"14:25","startHours":12.92342594230308,"endHours":14.417221287715904,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:25","end":"15:55","startHours":14.417221287715904,"endHours":15.911016633128725,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:55","end":"17:24","startHours":15.911016633128725,"endHours":17.40481197854155,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:24","end":"18:55","startHours":17.40481197854155,"endHours":18.911016633128725,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"18:55","end":"20:25","startHours":18.911016633128725,"endHours":20.417221287715904,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:25","end":"21:55","startHours":20.417221287715904,"endHours":21.923425942303084,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:55","end":"23:26","startHours":21.923425942303084,"endHours":23.42963059689026,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:26","end":"00:56","startHours":23.42963059689026,"endHours":24.935835251477435,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:56","end":"02:27","startHours":24.935835251477435,"endHours":26.442039906064615,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:27","end":"03:57","startHours":26.442039906064615,"endHours":27.948244560651794,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:57","end":"05:27","startHours":27.948244560651794,"endHours":29.45444921523897,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:27","end":"06:27","startHours":5.454449215238969,"endHours":6.454449215238969,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:27","end":"07:27","startHours":6.454449215238969,"endHours":7.454449215238969,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:27","end":"08:27","startHours":7.454449215238969,"endHours":8.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:27","end":"09:27","startHours":8.45444921523897,"endHours":9.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:27","end":"10:27","startHours":9.45444921523897,"endHours":10.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:27","end":"11:27","startHours":10.45444921523897,"endHours":11.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:27","end":"12:27","startHours":11.45444921523897,"endHours":12.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:27","end":"13:27","startHours":12.45444921523897,"endHours":13.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:27","end":"14:27","startHours":13.45444921523897,"endHours":14.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:27","end":"15:27","startHours":14.45444921523897,"endHours":15.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:27","end":"16:27","startHours":15.45444921523897,"endHours":16.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:27","end":"17:27","startHours":16.45444921523897,"endHours":17.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:27","end":"18:27","startHours":17.45444921523897,"endHours":18.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:27","end":"19:27","startHours":18.45444921523897,"endHours":19.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:27","end":"20:27","startHours":19.45444921523897,"endHours":20.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:27","end":"21:27","startHours":20.45444921523897,"endHours":21.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:27","end":"22:27","startHours":21.45444921523897,"endHours":22.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:27","end":"23:27","startHours":22.45444921523897,"endHours":23.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:27","end":"00:27","startHours":23.45444921523897,"endHours":24.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:27","end":"01:27","startHours":24.45444921523897,"endHours":25.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:27","end":"02:27","startHours":25.45444921523897,"endHours":26.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:27","end":"03:27","startHours":26.45444921523897,"endHours":27.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:27","end":"04:27","startHours":27.45444921523897,"endHours":28.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:27","end":"05:27","startHours":28.45444921523897,"endHours":29.45444921523897,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-3.062611848823302,"eotMinutes":11.167764186584405,"ayanamsa":23.4863}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2030,"vikram_samvatsara":"Akṣaya","saka_samvat":1895,"saka_samvatsara":"Pramādī","bengali_samvat":1380,"malayalam_era":1149,"nanakshahi_year":504,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2030 Akṣaya · Śaka 1895 Pramādī"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 1, 1973 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 1, 1973 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:27, sūryāsta 17:24.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-10-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-10-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-10-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-10-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-10-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T10:33:59.130Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T10:33:59.130Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T10:33:59.130Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}