{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1973-07-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-07-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1973-07-20","date_display":"July 20, 1973 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1973,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441883.770833,"kali_year":5075,"ahargana":1853418.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.3025,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":327.917,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":234.6145,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.6145},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":327.917,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.917},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":61.2195},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1973,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441883.770833,"ahargana":1853418.2708,"kali_year":5075,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.4835,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.70233999999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":325.35384,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.2527},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":354.89024,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":94.33483999999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":285.40103999999997,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":120.76923999999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":65.25063999999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":256.9807,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":76.9807,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1973,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441883.770833,"kali_year":5075,"ahargana":1853418.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.3025,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":327.917,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":234.6145,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.6145},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":327.917,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.917},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":61.2195},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.253,"elongation":125.386},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.253,"opposition_distance":54.614}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:03","sunsetLocal":"18:23","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":13.33805904373181,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 20 Mins 17 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 39 Mins 43 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:14","moonsetLocal":"09:05","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:03","end":"11:43","startHours":10.048406306452812,"endHours":11.715663686919289,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:03","end":"16:43","startHours":15.05017844785224,"endHours":16.717435828318717,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:43","end":"08:23","startHours":6.713891545519859,"endHours":8.381148925986334,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:10","end":"08:36","startHours":8.158847941924138,"endHours":8.603449910048532,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:36","end":"05:57","startHours":5.602386625208875,"endHours":5.95806819970839,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:16","end":"12:10","startHours":11.271061718794895,"endHours":12.160265655043682,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:16","end":"04:09","startHours":3.268226292555808,"endHours":4.1574302288045955,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:56","end":"05:03","startHours":3.9351292447423987,"endHours":5.046634165053383,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:56","end":"14:50","startHours":13.938673527541255,"endHours":14.827877463790042,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:11","end":"18:35","startHours":18.184693208785195,"endHours":18.584693208785193,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:23","end":"18:56","startHours":18.384693208785194,"endHours":18.940445668940686,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:08","end":"19:53","startHours":18.134693208785194,"endHours":19.884693208785194,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:16","end":"00:10","startHours":23.271061718794893,"endHours":24.160265655043684,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:03","end":"06:43","startHours":5.046634165053383,"endHours":6.713891545519859,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"06:43","end":"08:23","startHours":6.713891545519859,"endHours":8.381148925986334,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:23","end":"10:03","startHours":8.381148925986334,"endHours":10.048406306452812,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:03","end":"11:43","startHours":10.048406306452812,"endHours":11.715663686919289,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:43","end":"13:23","startHours":11.715663686919289,"endHours":13.382921067385766,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:23","end":"15:03","startHours":13.382921067385766,"endHours":15.05017844785224,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:03","end":"16:43","startHours":15.05017844785224,"endHours":16.717435828318717,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:43","end":"18:23","startHours":16.717435828318717,"endHours":18.384693208785194,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:23","end":"19:43","startHours":18.384693208785194,"endHours":19.717435828318717,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:43","end":"21:03","startHours":19.717435828318717,"endHours":21.05017844785224,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:03","end":"22:23","startHours":21.05017844785224,"endHours":22.382921067385766,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:23","end":"23:43","startHours":22.382921067385766,"endHours":23.71566368691929,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:43","end":"01:03","startHours":23.71566368691929,"endHours":25.04840630645281,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:03","end":"02:23","startHours":25.04840630645281,"endHours":26.381148925986338,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:23","end":"03:43","startHours":26.381148925986338,"endHours":27.71389154551986,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:43","end":"05:03","startHours":27.71389154551986,"endHours":29.046634165053383,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:03","end":"06:03","startHours":5.046634165053383,"endHours":6.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:03","end":"07:03","startHours":6.046634165053383,"endHours":7.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:03","end":"08:03","startHours":7.046634165053383,"endHours":8.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:03","end":"09:03","startHours":8.046634165053383,"endHours":9.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:03","end":"10:03","startHours":9.046634165053383,"endHours":10.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:03","end":"11:03","startHours":10.046634165053383,"endHours":11.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:03","end":"12:03","startHours":11.046634165053383,"endHours":12.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:03","end":"13:03","startHours":12.046634165053383,"endHours":13.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:03","end":"14:03","startHours":13.046634165053383,"endHours":14.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:03","end":"15:03","startHours":14.046634165053383,"endHours":15.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:03","end":"16:03","startHours":15.046634165053383,"endHours":16.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:03","end":"17:03","startHours":16.046634165053383,"endHours":17.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:03","end":"18:03","startHours":17.046634165053383,"endHours":18.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:03","end":"19:03","startHours":18.046634165053383,"endHours":19.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:03","end":"20:03","startHours":19.046634165053383,"endHours":20.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:03","end":"21:03","startHours":20.046634165053383,"endHours":21.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:03","end":"22:03","startHours":21.046634165053383,"endHours":22.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:03","end":"23:03","startHours":22.046634165053383,"endHours":23.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:03","end":"00:03","startHours":23.046634165053383,"endHours":24.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:03","end":"01:03","startHours":24.046634165053383,"endHours":25.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:03","end":"02:03","startHours":25.046634165053383,"endHours":26.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:03","end":"03:03","startHours":26.046634165053383,"endHours":27.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:03","end":"04:03","startHours":27.046634165053383,"endHours":28.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:03","end":"05:03","startHours":28.046634165053383,"endHours":29.046634165053383,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":20.71959134958015,"eotMinutes":-5.99422121515736,"ayanamsa":23.4835}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2030,"vikram_samvatsara":"Akṣaya","saka_samvat":1895,"saka_samvatsara":"Pramādī","bengali_samvat":1380,"malayalam_era":1149,"nanakshahi_year":504,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2030 Akṣaya · Śaka 1895 Pramādī"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 20, 1973 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 20, 1973 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:03, sūryāsta 18:23.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-07-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-07-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-07-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-07-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-07-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T03:06:07.595Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T03:06:07.595Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-03T03:06:07.595Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}