{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1973-06-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-06-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1973-06-01","date_display":"June 1, 1973 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1973,"month":6,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441834.770833,"kali_year":5075,"ahargana":1853369.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":46.8632,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":44.1458,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":357.2826,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.2826},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":44.1458,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.1458},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":91.0089},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1973,"month":6,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441834.770833,"ahargana":1853369.2708,"kali_year":5075,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.4816,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":46.92801199999997,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":44.801311999999996,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.607},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":323.5229119999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":60.898212,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":289.03721199999995,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":61.07971199999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":59.00321200000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":259.577,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":79.577,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1973,"month":6,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441834.770833,"kali_year":5075,"ahargana":1853369.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":46.8632,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":44.1458,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":357.2826,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.2826},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":44.1458,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.1458},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":91.0089},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.607,"elongation":2.717},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.607,"opposition_distance":177.283}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"04:52","sunsetLocal":"18:17","solarNoonLocal":"11:35","dayLengthHours":13.422906801450864,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 25 Mins 22 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 34 Mins 38 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:45","moonsetLocal":"18:07","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:54","end":"11:35","startHours":9.89864218247034,"endHours":11.576505532651698,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:56","end":"16:37","startHours":14.932232233014414,"endHours":16.610095583195772,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:33","end":"08:13","startHours":6.542915482107623,"endHours":8.220778832288982,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:00","end":"08:27","startHours":7.997063718931466,"endHours":8.444493945646496,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:25","end":"05:47","startHours":5.424339915320051,"endHours":5.782284096692074,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:08","end":"12:01","startHours":11.129075305936668,"endHours":12.023935759366728,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:05","end":"03:58","startHours":3.07533122506615,"endHours":3.9701916784962075,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:45","end":"04:52","startHours":3.7464765651386926,"endHours":4.865052131926265,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:49","end":"14:43","startHours":13.81365666622684,"endHours":14.708517119656898,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:05","end":"18:29","startHours":18.08795893337713,"endHours":18.48795893337713,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:17","end":"18:51","startHours":18.28795893337713,"endHours":18.847246716770915,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:02","end":"19:47","startHours":18.03795893337713,"endHours":19.78795893337713,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:08","end":"00:01","startHours":23.12907530593667,"endHours":24.023935759366726,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"04:52","end":"06:33","startHours":4.865052131926265,"endHours":6.542915482107623,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"06:33","end":"08:13","startHours":6.542915482107623,"endHours":8.220778832288982,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:13","end":"09:54","startHours":8.220778832288982,"endHours":9.89864218247034,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:54","end":"11:35","startHours":9.89864218247034,"endHours":11.576505532651698,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:35","end":"13:15","startHours":11.576505532651698,"endHours":13.254368882833056,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:15","end":"14:56","startHours":13.254368882833056,"endHours":14.932232233014414,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:56","end":"16:37","startHours":14.932232233014414,"endHours":16.610095583195772,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:37","end":"18:17","startHours":16.610095583195772,"endHours":18.28795893337713,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:17","end":"19:37","startHours":18.28795893337713,"endHours":19.610095583195772,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:37","end":"20:56","startHours":19.610095583195772,"endHours":20.932232233014414,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:56","end":"22:15","startHours":20.932232233014414,"endHours":22.254368882833056,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:15","end":"23:35","startHours":22.254368882833056,"endHours":23.576505532651698,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:35","end":"00:54","startHours":23.576505532651698,"endHours":24.89864218247034,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:54","end":"02:13","startHours":24.89864218247034,"endHours":26.220778832288982,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:13","end":"03:33","startHours":26.220778832288982,"endHours":27.542915482107624,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:33","end":"04:52","startHours":27.542915482107624,"endHours":28.865052131926266,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:52","end":"05:52","startHours":4.865052131926265,"endHours":5.865052131926265,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:52","end":"06:52","startHours":5.865052131926265,"endHours":6.865052131926265,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:52","end":"07:52","startHours":6.865052131926265,"endHours":7.865052131926265,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:52","end":"08:52","startHours":7.865052131926265,"endHours":8.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:52","end":"09:52","startHours":8.865052131926266,"endHours":9.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:52","end":"10:52","startHours":9.865052131926266,"endHours":10.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:52","end":"11:52","startHours":10.865052131926266,"endHours":11.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:52","end":"12:52","startHours":11.865052131926266,"endHours":12.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:52","end":"13:52","startHours":12.865052131926266,"endHours":13.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:52","end":"14:52","startHours":13.865052131926266,"endHours":14.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:52","end":"15:52","startHours":14.865052131926266,"endHours":15.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:52","end":"16:52","startHours":15.865052131926266,"endHours":16.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:52","end":"17:52","startHours":16.865052131926266,"endHours":17.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:52","end":"18:52","startHours":17.865052131926266,"endHours":18.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:52","end":"19:52","startHours":18.865052131926266,"endHours":19.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:52","end":"20:52","startHours":19.865052131926266,"endHours":20.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:52","end":"21:52","startHours":20.865052131926266,"endHours":21.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:52","end":"22:52","startHours":21.865052131926266,"endHours":22.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:52","end":"23:52","startHours":22.865052131926266,"endHours":23.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:52","end":"00:52","startHours":23.865052131926266,"endHours":24.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:52","end":"01:52","startHours":24.865052131926266,"endHours":25.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:52","end":"02:52","startHours":25.865052131926266,"endHours":26.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:52","end":"03:52","startHours":26.865052131926266,"endHours":27.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:52","end":"04:52","startHours":27.865052131926266,"endHours":28.865052131926266,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mātaṇga","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":22.0063411773729,"eotMinutes":2.3552680408980873,"ayanamsa":23.4816}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2030,"vikram_samvatsara":"Akṣaya","saka_samvat":1895,"saka_samvatsara":"Pramādī","bengali_samvat":1380,"malayalam_era":1149,"nanakshahi_year":504,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2030 Akṣaya · Śaka 1895 Pramādī"},"festivals":[{"id":"vat-savitri-amavasya","name":"Vaṭa Sāvitrī Amāvasyā","name_sanskrit":"वट सावित्री अमावस्या","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sāvitrī Devī","significance":"Sāvitrī's redemption of Satyavān from Yama; pati-vrata observance.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":30,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Mahābhārata, Vana Parva — Sāvitrī Upākhyāna"]},{"id":"vrishabha-sankranti","name":"Vṛṣabha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृषभ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Taurus.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛṣabha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Rohiṇī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga June 1, 1973 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"June 1, 1973 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 04:52, sūryāsta 18:17.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-06-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-06-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-06-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-06-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1973-06-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-24T21:03:46.595Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-24T21:03:46.595Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-24T21:03:46.595Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}