{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1971-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1971-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1971-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 1971 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1971,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2440952.770833,"kali_year":5072,"ahargana":1852487.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.3446,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":302.1099,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":45.7652,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.7652},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":302.1099,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.7765},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":198.4545},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":7,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1971,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2440952.770833,"ahargana":1852487.2708,"kali_year":5072,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.4479,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.5106109999999,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":304.62831099999994,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.3292},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":203.025211,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":248.82621100000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":214.92671100000007,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":211.69271100000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":22.932411000000002,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":306.3096,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":126.3096,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1971,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2440952.770833,"kali_year":5072,"ahargana":1852487.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.3446,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":302.1099,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":45.7652,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.7652},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":302.1099,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.7765},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":198.4545},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":7,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.329,"elongation":45.765},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.329,"opposition_distance":134.235}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:17","sunsetLocal":"17:04","solarNoonLocal":"11:41","dayLengthHours":10.771800575278611,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 18 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 42 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:11","moonsetLocal":"20:35","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:20","end":"11:41","startHours":10.331037900146775,"endHours":11.6775129720566,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:22","end":"15:43","startHours":14.370463115876255,"endHours":15.71693818778608,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:38","end":"08:59","startHours":7.638087756327122,"endHours":8.98456282823695,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:48","end":"09:10","startHours":8.805032818648971,"endHours":9.164092837824926,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:44","end":"07:02","startHours":6.740437708387238,"endHours":7.027685723728001,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:19","end":"12:02","startHours":11.318452952880646,"endHours":12.036572991232555,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:34","startHours":4.855372607713481,"endHours":5.573492646065389,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:24","end":"06:17","startHours":5.393962636477411,"endHours":6.291612684417296,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:28","end":"14:11","startHours":13.47281306793637,"endHours":14.190933106288277,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:52","end":"17:16","startHours":16.863413259695907,"endHours":17.263413259695906,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:04","end":"17:31","startHours":17.063413259695906,"endHours":17.512238283665848,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:49","end":"18:34","startHours":16.813413259695906,"endHours":18.563413259695906,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:19","end":"00:02","startHours":23.318452952880648,"endHours":24.036572991232553,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:17","end":"07:38","startHours":6.291612684417296,"endHours":7.638087756327122,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:38","end":"08:59","startHours":7.638087756327122,"endHours":8.98456282823695,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:59","end":"10:20","startHours":8.98456282823695,"endHours":10.331037900146775,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:20","end":"11:41","startHours":10.331037900146775,"endHours":11.6775129720566,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:41","end":"13:01","startHours":11.6775129720566,"endHours":13.023988043966428,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:01","end":"14:22","startHours":13.023988043966428,"endHours":14.370463115876255,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:22","end":"15:43","startHours":14.370463115876255,"endHours":15.71693818778608,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:43","end":"17:04","startHours":15.71693818778608,"endHours":17.063413259695906,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"17:04","end":"18:43","startHours":17.063413259695906,"endHours":18.71693818778608,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:43","end":"20:22","startHours":18.71693818778608,"endHours":20.370463115876255,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:22","end":"22:01","startHours":20.370463115876255,"endHours":22.023988043966426,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:01","end":"23:41","startHours":22.023988043966426,"endHours":23.6775129720566,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:41","end":"01:20","startHours":23.6775129720566,"endHours":25.331037900146775,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:20","end":"02:59","startHours":25.331037900146775,"endHours":26.984562828236946,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:59","end":"04:38","startHours":26.984562828236946,"endHours":28.63808775632712,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:38","end":"06:17","startHours":28.63808775632712,"endHours":30.291612684417295,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:17","end":"07:17","startHours":6.291612684417296,"endHours":7.291612684417296,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:17","end":"08:17","startHours":7.291612684417296,"endHours":8.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:17","end":"09:17","startHours":8.291612684417295,"endHours":9.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:17","end":"10:17","startHours":9.291612684417295,"endHours":10.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:17","end":"11:17","startHours":10.291612684417295,"endHours":11.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:17","end":"12:17","startHours":11.291612684417295,"endHours":12.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.291612684417295,"endHours":13.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.291612684417295,"endHours":14.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.291612684417295,"endHours":15.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.291612684417295,"endHours":16.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.291612684417295,"endHours":17.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.291612684417295,"endHours":18.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.291612684417295,"endHours":19.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.291612684417295,"endHours":20.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.291612684417295,"endHours":21.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.291612684417295,"endHours":22.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.291612684417295,"endHours":23.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.291612684417295,"endHours":24.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.291612684417295,"endHours":25.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.291612684417295,"endHours":26.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.291612684417295,"endHours":27.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.291612684417295,"endHours":28.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.291612684417295,"endHours":29.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:17","end":"06:17","startHours":29.291612684417295,"endHours":30.291612684417295,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.062805730353723,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":23.4479}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2028,"vikram_samvatsara":"Raktākṣī","saka_samvat":1893,"saka_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1378,"malayalam_era":1147,"nanakshahi_year":502,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Caturthī · Vikram 2028 Raktākṣī · Śaka 1893 Virodhakṛt"},"festivals":[{"id":"vinayaka-chaturthi","name":"Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly)","name_sanskrit":"विनायक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Śukla-pakṣa Caturthī; auspicious for new ventures.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 1971 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 1971 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:17, sūryāsta 17:04.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1971-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1971-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1971-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1971-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1971-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T03:59:08.033Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T03:59:08.033Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T03:59:08.033Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}