{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1968-12-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1968-12-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1968-12-01","date_display":"December 1, 1968 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1968,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2440191.770833,"kali_year":5070,"ahargana":1851726.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":225.0748,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":0.442,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":135.3672,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.3672},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":0.442,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.442},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":225.5169},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":22,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1968,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2440191.770833,"ahargana":1851726.2708,"kali_year":5070,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.4188,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":225.49808699999994,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":2.531587000000002,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.0732},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":170.13838699999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":222.48848699999996,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":159.41148699999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":266.44608700000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":356.223887,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":346.631,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":166.631,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1968,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2440191.770833,"kali_year":5070,"ahargana":1851726.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":225.0748,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":0.442,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":135.3672,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.3672},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":0.442,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.442},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":225.5169},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":22,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.073,"elongation":135.367},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.073,"opposition_distance":44.633}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:01","sunsetLocal":"16:52","solarNoonLocal":"11:27","dayLengthHours":10.85465075401082,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 51 Mins 17 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 08 Mins 43 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:16","moonsetLocal":"02:54","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:31","end":"16:52","startHours":15.517403189414047,"endHours":16.8742345336654,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:27","end":"12:48","startHours":11.446909156659991,"endHours":12.803740500911342,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:10","end":"15:31","startHours":14.160571845162696,"endHours":15.517403189414047,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:33","end":"08:55","startHours":8.552335622257106,"endHours":8.914157314057466,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:28","end":"06:46","startHours":6.471860894405031,"endHours":6.7613182478453195,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:05","end":"11:49","startHours":11.085087464859631,"endHours":11.808730848460351,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:34","end":"05:18","startHours":4.572297012453138,"endHours":5.29594039605386,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:07","end":"06:01","startHours":5.115029550153679,"endHours":6.019583779654581,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:15","end":"13:59","startHours":13.256017615661793,"endHours":13.979660999262515,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:40","end":"17:04","startHours":16.674234533665402,"endHours":17.0742345336654,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"16:52","end":"17:20","startHours":16.8742345336654,"endHours":17.326511648415853,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:37","end":"18:22","startHours":16.6242345336654,"endHours":18.3742345336654,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:05","end":"23:49","startHours":23.08508746485963,"endHours":23.808730848460353,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:01","end":"07:23","startHours":6.019583779654581,"endHours":7.376415123905933,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:23","end":"08:44","startHours":7.376415123905933,"endHours":8.733246468157287,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:44","end":"10:05","startHours":8.733246468157287,"endHours":10.090077812408637,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:05","end":"11:27","startHours":10.090077812408637,"endHours":11.446909156659991,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:27","end":"12:48","startHours":11.446909156659991,"endHours":12.803740500911342,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:48","end":"14:10","startHours":12.803740500911342,"endHours":14.160571845162696,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:10","end":"15:31","startHours":14.160571845162696,"endHours":15.517403189414047,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:31","end":"16:52","startHours":15.517403189414047,"endHours":16.8742345336654,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:52","end":"18:31","startHours":16.8742345336654,"endHours":18.517403189414047,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"18:31","end":"20:10","startHours":18.517403189414047,"endHours":20.160571845162696,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:10","end":"21:48","startHours":20.160571845162696,"endHours":21.803740500911346,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:48","end":"23:27","startHours":21.803740500911346,"endHours":23.44690915665999,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:27","end":"01:05","startHours":23.44690915665999,"endHours":25.090077812408637,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:05","end":"02:44","startHours":25.090077812408637,"endHours":26.733246468157287,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:44","end":"04:23","startHours":26.733246468157287,"endHours":28.376415123905936,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:23","end":"06:01","startHours":28.376415123905936,"endHours":30.01958377965458,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:01","end":"07:01","startHours":6.019583779654581,"endHours":7.019583779654581,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:01","end":"08:01","startHours":7.019583779654581,"endHours":8.019583779654582,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:01","end":"09:01","startHours":8.019583779654582,"endHours":9.019583779654582,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:01","end":"10:01","startHours":9.019583779654582,"endHours":10.019583779654582,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:01","end":"11:01","startHours":10.019583779654582,"endHours":11.019583779654582,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:01","end":"12:01","startHours":11.019583779654582,"endHours":12.019583779654582,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:01","end":"13:01","startHours":12.019583779654582,"endHours":13.019583779654582,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:01","end":"14:01","startHours":13.019583779654582,"endHours":14.019583779654582,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:01","end":"15:01","startHours":14.019583779654582,"endHours":15.019583779654582,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:01","end":"16:01","startHours":15.019583779654582,"endHours":16.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:01","end":"17:01","startHours":16.01958377965458,"endHours":17.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:01","end":"18:01","startHours":17.01958377965458,"endHours":18.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:01","end":"19:01","startHours":18.01958377965458,"endHours":19.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:01","end":"20:01","startHours":19.01958377965458,"endHours":20.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:01","end":"21:01","startHours":20.01958377965458,"endHours":21.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:01","end":"22:01","startHours":21.01958377965458,"endHours":22.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:01","end":"23:01","startHours":22.01958377965458,"endHours":23.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:01","end":"00:01","startHours":23.01958377965458,"endHours":24.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:01","end":"01:01","startHours":24.01958377965458,"endHours":25.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:01","end":"02:01","startHours":25.01958377965458,"endHours":26.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:01","end":"03:01","startHours":26.01958377965458,"endHours":27.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:01","end":"04:01","startHours":27.01958377965458,"endHours":28.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:01","end":"05:01","startHours":28.01958377965458,"endHours":29.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:01","end":"06:01","startHours":29.01958377965458,"endHours":30.01958377965458,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-21.783972309131787,"eotMinutes":10.131050600400467,"ayanamsa":23.4188}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2025,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1890,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1375,"malayalam_era":1144,"nanakshahi_year":499,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Dvādaśī · Vikram 2025 Durmati · Śaka 1890 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 1, 1968 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 1, 1968 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 06:01, sūryāsta 16:52.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1968-12-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1968-12-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1968-12-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1968-12-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1968-12-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T09:19:29.231Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T09:19:29.231Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T09:19:29.231Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}