{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1960-07-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1960-07-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1960-07-01","date_display":"July 1, 1960 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1960,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2437116.770833,"kali_year":5062,"ahargana":1848651.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.6556,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":156.4294,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":80.7739,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.7739},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":156.4294,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.7628},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":232.085},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":13,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1960,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2437116.770833,"ahargana":1848651.2708,"kali_year":5062,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.3012,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.89987500000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":152.70597500000008,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.5377},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":14.940474999999992,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":97.34087499999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":244.74877500000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":78.77187500000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":262.889675,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":149.5593,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":329.5593,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1960,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2437116.770833,"kali_year":5062,"ahargana":1848651.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.6556,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":156.4294,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":80.7739,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.7739},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":156.4294,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.7628},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":232.085},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":13,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.538,"elongation":80.774},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.538,"opposition_distance":99.226}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"04:55","sunsetLocal":"18:25","solarNoonLocal":"11:40","dayLengthHours":13.49760965993785,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 29 Mins 51 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 30 Mins 09 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:42","moonsetLocal":"22:53","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:59","end":"11:40","startHours":9.986430212582285,"endHours":11.673631420074514,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:03","end":"16:44","startHours":15.048033835058977,"endHours":16.73523504255121,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:37","end":"08:18","startHours":6.612027797597821,"endHours":8.299229005090051,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:04","end":"08:31","startHours":8.074268844091089,"endHours":8.524189166089016,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:29","end":"05:51","startHours":5.487226992603,"endHours":5.847163250201343,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:13","end":"12:07","startHours":11.223711098076587,"endHours":12.123551742072442,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:08","end":"04:01","startHours":3.125145302113876,"endHours":4.024985946109733,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:48","end":"04:55","startHours":3.800025785110769,"endHours":4.92482659010559,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:55","end":"14:49","startHours":13.923233030064157,"endHours":14.823073674060014,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:13","end":"18:37","startHours":18.22243625004344,"endHours":18.62243625004344,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:25","end":"18:59","startHours":18.42243625004344,"endHours":18.98483665254085,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:10","end":"19:55","startHours":18.17243625004344,"endHours":19.92243625004344,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:13","end":"00:07","startHours":23.223711098076585,"endHours":24.123551742072443,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"04:55","end":"06:37","startHours":4.92482659010559,"endHours":6.612027797597821,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"06:37","end":"08:18","startHours":6.612027797597821,"endHours":8.299229005090051,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:18","end":"09:59","startHours":8.299229005090051,"endHours":9.986430212582285,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:59","end":"11:40","startHours":9.986430212582285,"endHours":11.673631420074514,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:40","end":"13:22","startHours":11.673631420074514,"endHours":13.360832627566747,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:22","end":"15:03","startHours":13.360832627566747,"endHours":15.048033835058977,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:03","end":"16:44","startHours":15.048033835058977,"endHours":16.73523504255121,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:44","end":"18:25","startHours":16.73523504255121,"endHours":18.42243625004344,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:25","end":"19:44","startHours":18.42243625004344,"endHours":19.73523504255121,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:44","end":"21:03","startHours":19.73523504255121,"endHours":21.048033835058977,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:03","end":"22:22","startHours":21.048033835058977,"endHours":22.360832627566744,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:22","end":"23:40","startHours":22.360832627566744,"endHours":23.673631420074514,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:40","end":"00:59","startHours":23.673631420074514,"endHours":24.986430212582285,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:59","end":"02:18","startHours":24.986430212582285,"endHours":26.29922900509005,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:18","end":"03:37","startHours":26.29922900509005,"endHours":27.61202779759782,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:37","end":"04:55","startHours":27.61202779759782,"endHours":28.92482659010559,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:55","end":"05:55","startHours":4.92482659010559,"endHours":5.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:55","end":"06:55","startHours":5.92482659010559,"endHours":6.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:55","end":"07:55","startHours":6.92482659010559,"endHours":7.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:55","end":"08:55","startHours":7.92482659010559,"endHours":8.924826590105589,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:55","end":"09:55","startHours":8.924826590105589,"endHours":9.924826590105589,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:55","end":"10:55","startHours":9.924826590105589,"endHours":10.924826590105589,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:55","end":"11:55","startHours":10.924826590105589,"endHours":11.924826590105589,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:55","end":"12:55","startHours":11.924826590105589,"endHours":12.924826590105589,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:55","end":"13:55","startHours":12.924826590105589,"endHours":13.924826590105589,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:55","end":"14:55","startHours":13.924826590105589,"endHours":14.924826590105589,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:55","end":"15:55","startHours":14.924826590105589,"endHours":15.924826590105589,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:55","end":"16:55","startHours":15.924826590105589,"endHours":16.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:55","end":"17:55","startHours":16.92482659010559,"endHours":17.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:55","end":"18:55","startHours":17.92482659010559,"endHours":18.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:55","end":"19:55","startHours":18.92482659010559,"endHours":19.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:55","end":"20:55","startHours":19.92482659010559,"endHours":20.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:55","end":"21:55","startHours":20.92482659010559,"endHours":21.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:55","end":"22:55","startHours":21.92482659010559,"endHours":22.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:55","end":"23:55","startHours":22.92482659010559,"endHours":23.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:55","end":"00:55","startHours":23.92482659010559,"endHours":24.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:55","end":"01:55","startHours":24.92482659010559,"endHours":25.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:55","end":"02:55","startHours":25.92482659010559,"endHours":26.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:55","end":"03:55","startHours":26.92482659010559,"endHours":27.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:55","end":"04:55","startHours":27.92482659010559,"endHours":28.92482659010559,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":23.117306954415,"eotMinutes":-3.4722852044708983,"ayanamsa":23.3012}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2017,"vikram_samvatsara":"Pramādī","saka_samvat":1882,"saka_samvatsara":"Śārvarī","bengali_samvat":1367,"malayalam_era":1136,"nanakshahi_year":491,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mithuna (Āni)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 2017 Pramādī · Śaka 1882 Śārvarī"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 1, 1960 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 1, 1960 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 04:55, sūryāsta 18:25.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1960-07-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1960-07-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1960-07-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1960-07-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1960-07-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T22:15:52.286Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T22:15:52.286Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T22:15:52.286Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}