{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1948-02-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1948-02-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1948-02-01","date_display":"February 1, 1948 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1948,"month":2,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2432582.770833,"kali_year":5049,"ahargana":1844117.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":288.1018,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":182.7438,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":254.642,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.642},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":182.7438,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.4104},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":110.8455},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1948,"month":2,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2432582.770833,"ahargana":1844117.2708,"kali_year":5049,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.1278,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.9645069999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":186.05900700000007,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.0447},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":131.589407,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":306.30940699999996,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":239.668907,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":324.6348069999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":117.10630700000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":29.7925,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":209.7925,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1948,"month":2,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2432582.770833,"kali_year":5049,"ahargana":1844117.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":288.1018,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":182.7438,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":254.642,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.642},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":182.7438,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.4104},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":110.8455},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.045,"elongation":105.358},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.045,"opposition_distance":74.642}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:17","sunsetLocal":"17:24","solarNoonLocal":"11:51","dayLengthHours":11.125239774852005,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 07 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 52 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:19","moonsetLocal":"10:47","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:01","end":"17:24","startHours":16.015880717526098,"endHours":17.406535689382597,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:51","end":"13:14","startHours":11.843915801956594,"endHours":13.234570773813097,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:38","end":"16:01","startHours":14.625225745669596,"endHours":16.015880717526098,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:15","startHours":8.877185195329394,"endHours":9.248026521157794,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:02","startHours":6.744847571816093,"endHours":7.0415206324788135,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:28","end":"12:13","startHours":11.473074476128195,"endHours":12.214757127784994,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:48","end":"05:32","startHours":4.797930611216992,"endHours":5.539613262873792,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:21","end":"06:17","startHours":5.3541925999595925,"endHours":6.281295914530593,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:42","end":"14:26","startHours":13.698122431098597,"endHours":14.439805082755397,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:12","end":"17:36","startHours":17.206535689382598,"endHours":17.606535689382596,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:24","end":"17:52","startHours":17.406535689382597,"endHours":17.870087346668097,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:09","end":"18:54","startHours":17.156535689382597,"endHours":18.906535689382597,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:28","end":"00:13","startHours":23.473074476128193,"endHours":24.214757127784996,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:17","end":"07:40","startHours":6.281295914530593,"endHours":7.671950886387093,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:40","end":"09:04","startHours":7.671950886387093,"endHours":9.062605858243593,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:04","end":"10:27","startHours":9.062605858243593,"endHours":10.453260830100096,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:27","end":"11:51","startHours":10.453260830100096,"endHours":11.843915801956594,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:51","end":"13:14","startHours":11.843915801956594,"endHours":13.234570773813097,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:14","end":"14:38","startHours":13.234570773813097,"endHours":14.625225745669596,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:38","end":"16:01","startHours":14.625225745669596,"endHours":16.015880717526098,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:01","end":"17:24","startHours":16.015880717526098,"endHours":17.406535689382597,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:24","end":"19:01","startHours":17.406535689382597,"endHours":19.015880717526095,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:01","end":"20:38","startHours":19.015880717526095,"endHours":20.625225745669596,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:38","end":"22:14","startHours":20.625225745669596,"endHours":22.234570773813097,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:14","end":"23:51","startHours":22.234570773813097,"endHours":23.843915801956594,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:51","end":"01:27","startHours":23.843915801956594,"endHours":25.453260830100092,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:27","end":"03:04","startHours":25.453260830100092,"endHours":27.062605858243593,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:04","end":"04:40","startHours":27.062605858243593,"endHours":28.671950886387094,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:40","end":"06:17","startHours":28.671950886387094,"endHours":30.28129591453059,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:17","end":"07:17","startHours":6.281295914530593,"endHours":7.281295914530593,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:17","end":"08:17","startHours":7.281295914530593,"endHours":8.281295914530592,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:17","end":"09:17","startHours":8.281295914530592,"endHours":9.281295914530592,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:17","end":"10:17","startHours":9.281295914530592,"endHours":10.281295914530592,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:17","end":"11:17","startHours":10.281295914530592,"endHours":11.281295914530592,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:17","end":"12:17","startHours":11.281295914530592,"endHours":12.281295914530592,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.281295914530592,"endHours":13.281295914530592,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.281295914530592,"endHours":14.281295914530592,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.281295914530592,"endHours":15.281295914530592,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.281295914530592,"endHours":16.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.28129591453059,"endHours":17.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.28129591453059,"endHours":18.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.28129591453059,"endHours":19.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.28129591453059,"endHours":20.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.28129591453059,"endHours":21.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.28129591453059,"endHours":22.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.28129591453059,"endHours":23.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.28129591453059,"endHours":24.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.28129591453059,"endHours":25.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.28129591453059,"endHours":26.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.28129591453059,"endHours":27.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.28129591453059,"endHours":28.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.28129591453059,"endHours":29.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:17","end":"06:17","startHours":29.28129591453059,"endHours":30.28129591453059,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-17.442691806112148,"eotMinutes":-13.689348117395623,"ayanamsa":23.1278}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2005,"vikram_samvatsara":"Plava","saka_samvat":1870,"saka_samvatsara":"Sarvadhāri","bengali_samvat":1355,"malayalam_era":1124,"nanakshahi_year":479,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2005 Plava · Śaka 1870 Sarvadhāri"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga February 1, 1948 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"February 1, 1948 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:17, sūryāsta 17:24.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1948-02-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1948-02-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1948-02-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1948-02-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1948-02-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T10:05:17.481Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T10:05:17.481Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T10:05:17.481Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}