{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1944-07-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1944-07-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1944-07-20","date_display":"July 20, 1944 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1944,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2431291.770833,"kali_year":5046,"ahargana":1842826.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.7803,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":93.0412,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":359.2609,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.2609},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4,"moon_longitude":93.0412,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.0412},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":186.8214},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1944,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2431291.770833,"ahargana":1842826.2708,"kali_year":5046,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.0784,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":94.11333300000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":91.84183300000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.4039},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":132.598433,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":113.71543299999996,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":126.46403299999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":101.23483299999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":71.02833299999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":98.1959,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":278.1959,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1944,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2431291.770833,"kali_year":5046,"ahargana":1842826.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.7803,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":93.0412,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":359.2609,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.2609},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4,"moon_longitude":93.0412,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.0412},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":186.8214},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.404,"elongation":0.739},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.404,"opposition_distance":179.261}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":0,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.404,"elongation":0.739}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:03","sunsetLocal":"18:23","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":13.337984301596942,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 20 Mins 17 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 39 Mins 43 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:54","moonsetLocal":"18:14","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:23","end":"15:03","startHours":13.382911724618905,"endHours":15.050159762318524,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:03","end":"06:43","startHours":5.046671536120817,"endHours":6.7139195738204345,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:23","end":"10:03","startHours":8.381167611520052,"endHours":10.04841564921967,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:10","end":"08:36","startHours":8.158867873160103,"endHours":8.603467349880003,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:36","end":"05:57","startHours":5.60242088202069,"endHours":5.958100463396608,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:16","end":"12:10","startHours":11.271064210199391,"endHours":12.160263163639186,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:16","end":"04:09","startHours":3.2682736292412247,"endHours":4.157472582681021,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:56","end":"05:03","startHours":3.935172844321072,"endHours":5.046671536120817,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:56","end":"14:50","startHours":13.938661070518778,"endHours":14.827860023958575,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:11","end":"18:35","startHours":18.18465583771776,"endHours":18.584655837717758,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:23","end":"18:56","startHours":18.38465583771776,"endHours":18.94040518361763,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:08","end":"19:53","startHours":18.13465583771776,"endHours":19.88465583771776,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:16","end":"00:10","startHours":23.27106421019939,"endHours":24.160263163639186,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:03","end":"06:43","startHours":5.046671536120817,"endHours":6.7139195738204345,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"06:43","end":"08:23","startHours":6.7139195738204345,"endHours":8.381167611520052,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:23","end":"10:03","startHours":8.381167611520052,"endHours":10.04841564921967,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:03","end":"11:43","startHours":10.04841564921967,"endHours":11.715663686919289,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:43","end":"13:23","startHours":11.715663686919289,"endHours":13.382911724618905,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:23","end":"15:03","startHours":13.382911724618905,"endHours":15.050159762318524,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:03","end":"16:43","startHours":15.050159762318524,"endHours":16.71740780001814,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:43","end":"18:23","startHours":16.71740780001814,"endHours":18.38465583771776,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:23","end":"19:43","startHours":18.38465583771776,"endHours":19.71740780001814,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:43","end":"21:03","startHours":19.71740780001814,"endHours":21.050159762318522,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:03","end":"22:23","startHours":21.050159762318522,"endHours":22.382911724618907,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:23","end":"23:43","startHours":22.382911724618907,"endHours":23.71566368691929,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:43","end":"01:03","startHours":23.71566368691929,"endHours":25.04841564921967,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:03","end":"02:23","startHours":25.04841564921967,"endHours":26.381167611520052,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:23","end":"03:43","startHours":26.381167611520052,"endHours":27.713919573820434,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:43","end":"05:03","startHours":27.713919573820434,"endHours":29.04667153612082,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:03","end":"06:03","startHours":5.046671536120817,"endHours":6.046671536120817,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:03","end":"07:03","startHours":6.046671536120817,"endHours":7.046671536120817,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:03","end":"08:03","startHours":7.046671536120817,"endHours":8.046671536120817,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:03","end":"09:03","startHours":8.046671536120817,"endHours":9.046671536120817,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:03","end":"10:03","startHours":9.046671536120817,"endHours":10.046671536120817,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:03","end":"11:03","startHours":10.046671536120817,"endHours":11.046671536120817,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:03","end":"12:03","startHours":11.046671536120817,"endHours":12.046671536120817,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:03","end":"13:03","startHours":12.046671536120817,"endHours":13.046671536120817,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:03","end":"14:03","startHours":13.046671536120817,"endHours":14.046671536120817,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:03","end":"15:03","startHours":14.046671536120817,"endHours":15.046671536120817,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:03","end":"16:03","startHours":15.046671536120817,"endHours":16.04667153612082,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:03","end":"17:03","startHours":16.04667153612082,"endHours":17.04667153612082,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:03","end":"18:03","startHours":17.04667153612082,"endHours":18.04667153612082,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:03","end":"19:03","startHours":18.04667153612082,"endHours":19.04667153612082,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:03","end":"20:03","startHours":19.04667153612082,"endHours":20.04667153612082,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:03","end":"21:03","startHours":20.04667153612082,"endHours":21.04667153612082,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:03","end":"22:03","startHours":21.04667153612082,"endHours":22.04667153612082,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:03","end":"23:03","startHours":22.04667153612082,"endHours":23.04667153612082,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:03","end":"00:03","startHours":23.04667153612082,"endHours":24.04667153612082,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:03","end":"01:03","startHours":24.04667153612082,"endHours":25.04667153612082,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:03","end":"02:03","startHours":25.04667153612082,"endHours":26.04667153612082,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:03","end":"03:03","startHours":26.04667153612082,"endHours":27.04667153612082,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:03","end":"04:03","startHours":27.04667153612082,"endHours":28.04667153612082,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:03","end":"05:03","startHours":28.04667153612082,"endHours":29.04667153612082,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":20.718446342960586,"eotMinutes":-5.99422121515736,"ayanamsa":23.0784}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2001,"vikram_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","saka_samvat":1866,"saka_samvatsara":"Tāraṇa","bengali_samvat":1351,"malayalam_era":1120,"nanakshahi_year":475,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2001 Hemalambī · Śaka 1866 Tāraṇa"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 20, 1944 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 20, 1944 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 05:03, sūryāsta 18:23.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1944-07-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1944-07-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1944-07-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1944-07-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1944-07-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T07:31:56.492Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T07:31:56.492Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-03T07:31:56.492Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}