{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1897-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1897-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1897-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 1897 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1897,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2414133.770833,"kali_year":4999,"ahargana":1825668.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.4748,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":82.5834,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":340.1086,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.1086},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":82.5834,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.5834},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":185.0582},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":56,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1897,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2414133.770833,"ahargana":1825668.2708,"kali_year":4999,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.4222,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.75109399999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":83.730594,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.8807},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":140.941194,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":116.98269400000004,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":139.12859400000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":59.644093999999996,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":212.80749400000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":287.3093,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":107.3093,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1897,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2414133.770833,"kali_year":4999,"ahargana":1825668.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.4748,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":82.5834,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":340.1086,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.1086},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":82.5834,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.5834},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":185.0582},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":56,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.881,"elongation":19.891},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.881,"opposition_distance":160.109}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:06","sunsetLocal":"18:20","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":13.225473142690257,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 32 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 28 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:45","moonsetLocal":"17:09","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:43","end":"13:22","startHours":11.718599211273354,"endHours":13.371783354109635,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:46","end":"08:25","startHours":6.759046782764506,"endHours":8.412230925600788,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:04","end":"11:43","startHours":10.065415068437071,"endHours":11.718599211273354,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:12","end":"08:38","startHours":8.191806373222619,"endHours":8.63265547797896,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:39","end":"06:01","startHours":5.656924020873651,"endHours":6.009603304678725,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:17","end":"12:10","startHours":11.277750106517011,"endHours":12.159448316029696,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:21","end":"04:13","startHours":3.342466220902857,"endHours":4.224164430415541,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:00","end":"05:06","startHours":4.003739878037369,"endHours":5.105862639928224,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:55","end":"14:48","startHours":13.922844735055063,"endHours":14.804542944567748,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:08","end":"18:32","startHours":18.131335782618482,"endHours":18.53133578261848,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:20","end":"18:53","startHours":18.33133578261848,"endHours":18.88239716356391,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:05","end":"19:50","startHours":18.08133578261848,"endHours":19.83133578261848,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:17","end":"00:10","startHours":23.27775010651701,"endHours":24.159448316029696,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:06","end":"06:46","startHours":5.105862639928224,"endHours":6.759046782764506,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:46","end":"08:25","startHours":6.759046782764506,"endHours":8.412230925600788,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:25","end":"10:04","startHours":8.412230925600788,"endHours":10.065415068437071,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:04","end":"11:43","startHours":10.065415068437071,"endHours":11.718599211273354,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:43","end":"13:22","startHours":11.718599211273354,"endHours":13.371783354109635,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:22","end":"15:01","startHours":13.371783354109635,"endHours":15.024967496945917,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:01","end":"16:41","startHours":15.024967496945917,"endHours":16.6781516397822,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:41","end":"18:20","startHours":16.6781516397822,"endHours":18.33133578261848,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:20","end":"19:41","startHours":18.33133578261848,"endHours":19.6781516397822,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:41","end":"21:01","startHours":19.6781516397822,"endHours":21.024967496945916,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:01","end":"22:22","startHours":21.024967496945916,"endHours":22.371783354109635,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:22","end":"23:43","startHours":22.371783354109635,"endHours":23.718599211273354,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:43","end":"01:04","startHours":23.718599211273354,"endHours":25.06541506843707,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:04","end":"02:25","startHours":25.06541506843707,"endHours":26.412230925600788,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:25","end":"03:46","startHours":26.412230925600788,"endHours":27.759046782764507,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:46","end":"05:06","startHours":27.759046782764507,"endHours":29.105862639928226,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:06","end":"06:06","startHours":5.105862639928224,"endHours":6.105862639928224,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:06","end":"07:06","startHours":6.105862639928224,"endHours":7.105862639928224,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:06","end":"08:06","startHours":7.105862639928224,"endHours":8.105862639928224,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:06","end":"09:06","startHours":8.105862639928224,"endHours":9.105862639928224,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:06","end":"10:06","startHours":9.105862639928224,"endHours":10.105862639928224,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:06","end":"11:06","startHours":10.105862639928224,"endHours":11.105862639928224,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:06","end":"12:06","startHours":11.105862639928224,"endHours":12.105862639928224,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:06","end":"13:06","startHours":12.105862639928224,"endHours":13.105862639928224,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:06","end":"14:06","startHours":13.105862639928224,"endHours":14.105862639928224,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:06","end":"15:06","startHours":14.105862639928224,"endHours":15.105862639928224,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:06","end":"16:06","startHours":15.105862639928224,"endHours":16.105862639928226,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:06","end":"17:06","startHours":16.105862639928226,"endHours":17.105862639928226,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:06","end":"18:06","startHours":17.105862639928226,"endHours":18.105862639928226,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:06","end":"19:06","startHours":18.105862639928226,"endHours":19.105862639928226,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:06","end":"20:06","startHours":19.105862639928226,"endHours":20.105862639928226,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:06","end":"21:06","startHours":20.105862639928226,"endHours":21.105862639928226,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:06","end":"22:06","startHours":21.105862639928226,"endHours":22.105862639928226,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:06","end":"23:06","startHours":22.105862639928226,"endHours":23.105862639928226,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:06","end":"00:06","startHours":23.105862639928226,"endHours":24.105862639928226,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:06","end":"01:06","startHours":24.105862639928226,"endHours":25.105862639928226,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:06","end":"02:06","startHours":25.105862639928226,"endHours":26.105862639928226,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:06","end":"03:06","startHours":26.105862639928226,"endHours":27.105862639928226,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:06","end":"04:06","startHours":27.105862639928226,"endHours":28.105862639928226,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:06","end":"05:06","startHours":28.105862639928226,"endHours":29.105862639928226,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.972353267472236,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":22.4222}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1954,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1819,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1304,"malayalam_era":1073,"nanakshahi_year":428,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī · Vikram 1954 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1819 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"masika-shivaratri","name":"Māsika Śivarātri","name_sanskrit":"मासिक शिवरात्रि","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Monthly Śiva observance.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":29,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 1897 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 1897 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 05:06, sūryāsta 18:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1897-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1897-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1897-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1897-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1897-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T20:54:11.026Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T20:54:11.026Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T20:54:11.026Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}