{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:-3137-12-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/-3137-12-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-3137-12-28","date_display":"December 28, 3138 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-3137,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":575629.770833,"kali_year":-35,"ahargana":-12835.7292,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":310.9883,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":72.4982,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":121.5099,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.5099},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":72.4982,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.8316},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":23.4866},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":20,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-3137,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":575629.770833,"ahargana":-12835.7292,"kali_year":-35,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-47.8937,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":310.9883,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":72.4982,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.1598},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":101.7015,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":324.3633,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":6.6166,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":312.5325,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":285.9154,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":140.0987,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":320.0987,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-3137,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":575629.770833,"kali_year":-35,"ahargana":-12835.7292,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":310.9883,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":72.4982,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":121.5099,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.5099},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":72.4982,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.8316},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":23.4866},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":20,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.16,"elongation":121.51},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.16,"opposition_distance":58.49}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-10,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.379,"elongation":1.905},{"offset_days":5,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.42,"opposition_distance":1.553}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:16","sunsetLocal":"17:02","solarNoonLocal":"11:39","dayLengthHours":10.759112774437622,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 45 Mins 33 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 14 Mins 27 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:26","moonsetLocal":"02:03","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:41","end":"17:02","startHours":15.681879031485565,"endHours":17.026768128290268,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:39","end":"13:00","startHours":11.647211741071455,"endHours":12.992100837876158,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:20","end":"15:41","startHours":14.336989934680862,"endHours":15.681879031485565,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:47","end":"09:08","startHours":8.778115001221423,"endHours":9.136752093702677,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:43","end":"07:00","startHours":6.715951719454213,"endHours":7.0028613934392165,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:17","end":"12:00","startHours":11.288574648590203,"endHours":12.005848833552712,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:50","end":"05:33","startHours":4.833106983927629,"endHours":5.550381168890137,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:22","end":"06:16","startHours":5.37106262264951,"endHours":6.267655353852645,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:26","end":"14:09","startHours":13.440397203477726,"endHours":14.157671388440233,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:50","end":"17:14","startHours":16.82676812829027,"endHours":17.226768128290267,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:02","end":"17:29","startHours":17.026768128290268,"endHours":17.475064493891836,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:47","end":"18:32","startHours":16.776768128290268,"endHours":18.526768128290268,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:17","end":"00:00","startHours":23.288574648590206,"endHours":24.00584883355271,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:16","end":"07:37","startHours":6.267655353852645,"endHours":7.612544450657348,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:37","end":"08:57","startHours":7.612544450657348,"endHours":8.95743354746205,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:57","end":"10:18","startHours":8.95743354746205,"endHours":10.302322644266752,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:18","end":"11:39","startHours":10.302322644266752,"endHours":11.647211741071455,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:39","end":"13:00","startHours":11.647211741071455,"endHours":12.992100837876158,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:00","end":"14:20","startHours":12.992100837876158,"endHours":14.336989934680862,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:20","end":"15:41","startHours":14.336989934680862,"endHours":15.681879031485565,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:41","end":"17:02","startHours":15.681879031485565,"endHours":17.026768128290268,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:02","end":"18:41","startHours":17.026768128290268,"endHours":18.681879031485565,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"18:41","end":"20:20","startHours":18.681879031485565,"endHours":20.33698993468086,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:20","end":"22:00","startHours":20.33698993468086,"endHours":21.99210083787616,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:00","end":"23:39","startHours":21.99210083787616,"endHours":23.64721174107146,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:39","end":"01:18","startHours":23.64721174107146,"endHours":25.302322644266752,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:18","end":"02:57","startHours":25.302322644266752,"endHours":26.957433547462053,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:57","end":"04:37","startHours":26.957433547462053,"endHours":28.61254445065735,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:37","end":"06:16","startHours":28.61254445065735,"endHours":30.267655353852646,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:16","end":"07:16","startHours":6.267655353852645,"endHours":7.267655353852645,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:16","end":"08:16","startHours":7.267655353852645,"endHours":8.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:16","end":"09:16","startHours":8.267655353852646,"endHours":9.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:16","end":"10:16","startHours":9.267655353852646,"endHours":10.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:16","end":"11:16","startHours":10.267655353852646,"endHours":11.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:16","end":"12:16","startHours":11.267655353852646,"endHours":12.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:16","end":"13:16","startHours":12.267655353852646,"endHours":13.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:16","end":"14:16","startHours":13.267655353852646,"endHours":14.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:16","end":"15:16","startHours":14.267655353852646,"endHours":15.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:16","end":"16:16","startHours":15.267655353852646,"endHours":16.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:16","end":"17:16","startHours":16.267655353852646,"endHours":17.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:16","end":"18:16","startHours":17.267655353852646,"endHours":18.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:16","end":"19:16","startHours":18.267655353852646,"endHours":19.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:16","end":"20:16","startHours":19.267655353852646,"endHours":20.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:16","end":"21:16","startHours":20.267655353852646,"endHours":21.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:16","end":"22:16","startHours":21.267655353852646,"endHours":22.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:16","end":"23:16","startHours":22.267655353852646,"endHours":23.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:16","end":"00:16","startHours":23.267655353852646,"endHours":24.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:16","end":"01:16","startHours":24.267655353852646,"endHours":25.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:16","end":"02:16","startHours":25.267655353852646,"endHours":26.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:16","end":"03:16","startHours":26.267655353852646,"endHours":27.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:16","end":"04:16","startHours":27.267655353852646,"endHours":28.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:16","end":"05:16","startHours":28.267655353852646,"endHours":29.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:16","end":"06:16","startHours":29.267655353852646,"endHours":30.267655353852646,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.256451881673296,"eotMinutes":-1.8871044642874448,"ayanamsa":-47.8937}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-3080,"saka_samvat":-3215,"bengali_samvat":-3730,"malayalam_era":-3961,"nanakshahi_year":-4606,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Śukla Ekādaśī · Vikram -3080 undefined · Śaka -3215 undefined"},"festivals":[{"id":"amalaki-ekadashi","name":"Āmalakī Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"आमलकी एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu (in Āmalakī tree)","significance":"Worship of Āmalakī (Indian gooseberry, sacred to Viṣṇu).","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":11,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Phālguna"},"precedence":4},{"id":"rangbhari-ekadashi","name":"Raṅgbhari Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"रङ्गभरी एकादशी","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva-Pārvatī","significance":"Kāśī tradition: Śiva brings Pārvatī home; rang-utsava begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":11,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Phālguna"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5},{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 28, 3138 BCE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 28, 3138 BCE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 06:16, sūryāsta 17:02.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/-3137-12-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/-3137-12-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/-3137-12-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/-3137-12-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/-3137-12-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:37:19.720Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:37:19.720Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T16:37:19.720Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}