{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:haridwar:1908-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/haridwar/1908-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1908-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 1908 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1908,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418150.770833,"kali_year":5010,"ahargana":1829685.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.6708,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":99.9312,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":358.2604,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.2604},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2,"moon_longitude":99.9312,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.5978},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":201.6019},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1908,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418150.770833,"ahargana":1829685.2708,"kali_year":5010,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.5758,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.968615,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":99.015015,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.933},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":111.43051500000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":83.56201499999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":118.54001500000004,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":73.89791500000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":348.800715,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":74.4693,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":254.4693,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1908,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418150.770833,"kali_year":5010,"ahargana":1829685.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.6708,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":99.9312,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":358.2604,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.2604},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2,"moon_longitude":99.9312,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.5978},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":201.6019},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.933,"elongation":1.74},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.933,"opposition_distance":178.26}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-14,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.093,"opposition_distance":0.89}]},"city":{"slug":"haridwar","name":"Haridwār","lat":29.9457,"lon":78.1642,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"haridwar","name":"Haridwār","lat":29.9457,"lon":78.1642,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:33","sunsetLocal":"19:14","solarNoonLocal":"12:24","dayLengthHours":13.675057410090147,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 40 Mins 30 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 19 Mins 30 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:21","moonsetLocal":"19:03","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:49","end":"17:31","startHours":15.810656897129224,"endHours":17.520039073390492,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:58","end":"10:41","startHours":8.97312819208415,"endHours":10.682510368345419,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:24","end":"14:06","startHours":12.391892544606687,"endHours":14.101274720867956,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:45","end":"09:12","startHours":8.74521056858265,"endHours":9.201045815585655,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:07","end":"06:29","startHours":6.124157898315371,"endHours":6.488826095917775,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:56","end":"12:51","startHours":11.936057297603682,"endHours":12.847727791609692,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:44","end":"04:39","startHours":3.7310228515495947,"endHours":4.642693345555605,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:25","end":"05:33","startHours":4.414775722054102,"endHours":5.554363839561614,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:40","end":"15:35","startHours":14.671068779621713,"endHours":15.582739273627723,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:02","end":"19:26","startHours":19.02942124965176,"endHours":19.42942124965176,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:14","end":"19:48","startHours":19.22942124965176,"endHours":19.79921530840552,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:59","end":"20:44","startHours":18.97942124965176,"endHours":20.72942124965176,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:56","end":"00:51","startHours":23.936057297603682,"endHours":24.847727791609692,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:33","end":"07:16","startHours":5.554363839561614,"endHours":7.263746015822883,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:16","end":"08:58","startHours":7.263746015822883,"endHours":8.97312819208415,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:58","end":"10:41","startHours":8.97312819208415,"endHours":10.682510368345419,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:41","end":"12:24","startHours":10.682510368345419,"endHours":12.391892544606687,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:24","end":"14:06","startHours":12.391892544606687,"endHours":14.101274720867956,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:06","end":"15:49","startHours":14.101274720867956,"endHours":15.810656897129224,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:49","end":"17:31","startHours":15.810656897129224,"endHours":17.520039073390492,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:31","end":"19:14","startHours":17.520039073390492,"endHours":19.22942124965176,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:14","end":"20:31","startHours":19.22942124965176,"endHours":20.520039073390492,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:31","end":"21:49","startHours":20.520039073390492,"endHours":21.810656897129224,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:49","end":"23:06","startHours":21.810656897129224,"endHours":23.101274720867956,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:06","end":"00:24","startHours":23.101274720867956,"endHours":24.391892544606687,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:24","end":"01:41","startHours":24.391892544606687,"endHours":25.68251036834542,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:41","end":"02:58","startHours":25.68251036834542,"endHours":26.97312819208415,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:58","end":"04:16","startHours":26.97312819208415,"endHours":28.263746015822882,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:16","end":"05:33","startHours":28.263746015822882,"endHours":29.554363839561614,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:33","end":"06:33","startHours":5.554363839561614,"endHours":6.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:33","end":"07:33","startHours":6.554363839561614,"endHours":7.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:33","end":"08:33","startHours":7.554363839561614,"endHours":8.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:33","end":"09:33","startHours":8.554363839561614,"endHours":9.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:33","end":"10:33","startHours":9.554363839561614,"endHours":10.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:33","end":"11:33","startHours":10.554363839561614,"endHours":11.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:33","end":"12:33","startHours":11.554363839561614,"endHours":12.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:33","end":"13:33","startHours":12.554363839561614,"endHours":13.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:33","end":"14:33","startHours":13.554363839561614,"endHours":14.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:33","end":"15:33","startHours":14.554363839561614,"endHours":15.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:33","end":"16:33","startHours":15.554363839561614,"endHours":16.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:33","end":"17:33","startHours":16.554363839561614,"endHours":17.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:33","end":"18:33","startHours":17.554363839561614,"endHours":18.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:33","end":"19:33","startHours":18.554363839561614,"endHours":19.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:33","end":"20:33","startHours":19.554363839561614,"endHours":20.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:33","end":"21:33","startHours":20.554363839561614,"endHours":21.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:33","end":"22:33","startHours":21.554363839561614,"endHours":22.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:33","end":"23:33","startHours":22.554363839561614,"endHours":23.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:33","end":"00:33","startHours":23.554363839561614,"endHours":24.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:33","end":"01:33","startHours":24.554363839561614,"endHours":25.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:33","end":"02:33","startHours":25.554363839561614,"endHours":26.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:33","end":"03:33","startHours":26.554363839561614,"endHours":27.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:33","end":"04:33","startHours":27.554363839561614,"endHours":28.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:33","end":"05:33","startHours":28.554363839561614,"endHours":29.554363839561614,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.12359468985767,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":22.5758}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1965,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1830,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1315,"malayalam_era":1084,"nanakshahi_year":439,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 1965 Durmati · Śaka 1830 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"haridwar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 1908 CE · Haridwār · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 1908 CE for Haridwār: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 05:33, sūryāsta 19:14.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/haridwar/1908-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/haridwar/1908-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/haridwar/1908-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/haridwar/1908-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/haridwar/1908-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T06:25:44.056Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T06:25:44.056Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-18T06:25:44.056Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}