{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:haridwar:-0443-04-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/haridwar/-0443-04-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-0443-04-20","date_display":"April 20, 444 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559361.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970896.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":39.3883,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":269.9367,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":230.5484,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.5484},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":269.9367,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.27},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":309.3249},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-443,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559361.770833,"ahargana":970896.2708,"kali_year":2659,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-10.2697,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":39.3883,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":269.9367,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.578},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":76.5997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":14.1425,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":34.6637,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":5.5436,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":62.8072,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":217.2433,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":37.2433,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559361.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970896.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":39.3883,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":269.9367,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":230.5484,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.5484},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":269.9367,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.27},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":309.3249},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.578,"elongation":129.452},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.578,"opposition_distance":50.548}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"haridwar","name":"Haridwār","lat":29.9457,"lon":78.1642,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"haridwar","name":"Haridwār","lat":29.9457,"lon":78.1642,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:46","sunsetLocal":"18:46","solarNoonLocal":"12:16","dayLengthHours":13.00171342910212,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 00 Mins 06 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 59 Mins 54 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:32","moonsetLocal":"08:45","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:24","end":"09:01","startHours":7.397281406326024,"endHours":9.022495584963789,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:39","end":"12:16","startHours":10.647709763601554,"endHours":12.27292394223932,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:54","end":"15:31","startHours":13.898138120877084,"endHours":15.52335229951485,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:48","end":"09:14","startHours":8.80580036114542,"endHours":9.239190808782158,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:19","end":"06:40","startHours":6.313805287234181,"endHours":6.660517645343571,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:50","end":"12:42","startHours":11.83953349460258,"endHours":12.706314389876056,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:02","end":"04:54","startHours":4.03850543714131,"endHours":4.905286332414785,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:41","end":"05:46","startHours":4.688591108596416,"endHours":5.772067227688259,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:26","end":"15:18","startHours":14.439876180423006,"endHours":15.306657075696481,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:34","end":"18:58","startHours":18.57378065679038,"endHours":18.973780656790378,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:46","end":"19:19","startHours":18.77378065679038,"endHours":19.3155187163363,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:31","end":"20:16","startHours":18.52378065679038,"endHours":20.27378065679038,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:50","end":"00:42","startHours":23.83953349460258,"endHours":24.706314389876052,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:46","end":"07:24","startHours":5.772067227688259,"endHours":7.397281406326024,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:24","end":"09:01","startHours":7.397281406326024,"endHours":9.022495584963789,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:01","end":"10:39","startHours":9.022495584963789,"endHours":10.647709763601554,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:39","end":"12:16","startHours":10.647709763601554,"endHours":12.27292394223932,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:16","end":"13:54","startHours":12.27292394223932,"endHours":13.898138120877084,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:54","end":"15:31","startHours":13.898138120877084,"endHours":15.52335229951485,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:31","end":"17:09","startHours":15.52335229951485,"endHours":17.148566478152613,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:09","end":"18:46","startHours":17.148566478152613,"endHours":18.77378065679038,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:46","end":"20:09","startHours":18.77378065679038,"endHours":20.148566478152613,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:09","end":"21:31","startHours":20.148566478152613,"endHours":21.523352299514848,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:31","end":"22:54","startHours":21.523352299514848,"endHours":22.898138120877086,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:54","end":"00:16","startHours":22.898138120877086,"endHours":24.27292394223932,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:16","end":"01:39","startHours":24.27292394223932,"endHours":25.647709763601554,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:39","end":"03:01","startHours":25.647709763601554,"endHours":27.02249558496379,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:01","end":"04:24","startHours":27.02249558496379,"endHours":28.397281406326023,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:24","end":"05:46","startHours":28.397281406326023,"endHours":29.77206722768826,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:46","end":"06:46","startHours":5.772067227688259,"endHours":6.772067227688259,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:46","end":"07:46","startHours":6.772067227688259,"endHours":7.772067227688259,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:46","end":"08:46","startHours":7.772067227688259,"endHours":8.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:46","end":"09:46","startHours":8.77206722768826,"endHours":9.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:46","end":"10:46","startHours":9.77206722768826,"endHours":10.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:46","end":"11:46","startHours":10.77206722768826,"endHours":11.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:46","end":"12:46","startHours":11.77206722768826,"endHours":12.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:46","end":"13:46","startHours":12.77206722768826,"endHours":13.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:46","end":"14:46","startHours":13.77206722768826,"endHours":14.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:46","end":"15:46","startHours":14.77206722768826,"endHours":15.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:46","end":"16:46","startHours":15.77206722768826,"endHours":16.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:46","end":"17:46","startHours":16.77206722768826,"endHours":17.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:46","end":"18:46","startHours":17.77206722768826,"endHours":18.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:46","end":"19:46","startHours":18.77206722768826,"endHours":19.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:46","end":"20:46","startHours":19.77206722768826,"endHours":20.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:46","end":"21:46","startHours":20.77206722768826,"endHours":21.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:46","end":"22:46","startHours":21.77206722768826,"endHours":22.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:46","end":"23:46","startHours":22.77206722768826,"endHours":23.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:46","end":"00:46","startHours":23.77206722768826,"endHours":24.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:46","end":"01:46","startHours":24.77206722768826,"endHours":25.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:46","end":"02:46","startHours":25.77206722768826,"endHours":26.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:46","end":"03:46","startHours":26.77206722768826,"endHours":27.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:46","end":"04:46","startHours":27.77206722768826,"endHours":28.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:46","end":"05:46","startHours":28.77206722768826,"endHours":29.77206722768826,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":11.159690939353592,"eotMinutes":0.9677634656409275,"ayanamsa":-10.2697}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-386,"saka_samvat":-521,"bengali_samvat":-1036,"malayalam_era":-1267,"nanakshahi_year":-1912,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_amanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram -386 undefined · Śaka -521 undefined"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7, 6.34-35.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk","steps":[{"label":"BG 6.5","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/5","purpose":"Lift the self by the Self; begin the walk with inner responsibility."},{"label":"BG 6.6","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/6","purpose":"See the mind as friend when mastered and enemy when unmastered."},{"label":"BG 6.7","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/7","purpose":"Stabilize the conquered mind in heat/cold, honor/dishonor, pleasure/pain."},{"label":"BG 6.34","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/34","purpose":"Name the restless mind honestly before trying to discipline it."},{"label":"BG 6.35","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/35","purpose":"Complete with abhyāsa and vairāgya: practice and detachment."}]},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"haridwar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 20, 444 BCE · Haridwār · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 20, 444 BCE for Haridwār: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:46, sūryāsta 18:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/haridwar/-0443-04-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/haridwar/-0443-04-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/haridwar/-0443-04-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/haridwar/-0443-04-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/haridwar/-0443-04-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T15:12:06.162Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T15:12:06.162Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T15:12:06.162Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}