{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:gwalior:2002-06-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/gwalior/2002-06-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-06-28","date_display":"June 28, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":6,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452453.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863988.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":71.9946,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":291.8388,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":219.8442,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.8442},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4,"moon_longitude":291.8388,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.8388},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":3.8335},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":36,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":6,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452453.770833,"ahargana":1863988.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8878,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":72.31228900000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":290.161289,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.6808},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":86.04588899999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":50.77538900000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":88.31138900000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":111.41988900000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":56.90098899999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":56.9313,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":236.9313,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":6,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452453.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863988.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":71.9946,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":291.8388,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":219.8442,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.8442},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4,"moon_longitude":291.8388,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.8388},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":3.8335},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":36,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.681,"elongation":140.156},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.681,"opposition_distance":39.844}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-17,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.149,"elongation":0.05}]},"city":{"slug":"gwalior","name":"Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh","lat":26.2183,"lon":78.1828,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"gwalior","name":"Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh","lat":26.2183,"lon":78.1828,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:27","sunsetLocal":"19:13","solarNoonLocal":"12:20","dayLengthHours":13.77011961994451,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 46 Mins 12 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 13 Mins 48 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:23","moonsetLocal":"08:21","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:37","end":"12:20","startHours":10.614715292575653,"endHours":12.335980245068718,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:47","end":"17:30","startHours":15.778510150054846,"endHours":17.499775102547908,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:10","end":"08:54","startHours":7.1721853875895265,"endHours":8.893450340082591,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:40","end":"09:07","startHours":8.663948346416849,"endHours":9.122952333748332,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:01","end":"06:24","startHours":6.024675419260817,"endHours":6.391878609126004,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:53","end":"12:48","startHours":11.876976257737235,"endHours":12.794984232400202,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:37","end":"04:32","startHours":3.6149044857705284,"endHours":4.532912460433495,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:18","end":"05:27","startHours":4.303410466767754,"endHours":5.450920435096463,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:33","startHours":14.631000181726137,"endHours":15.549008156389103,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:01","end":"19:25","startHours":19.021040055040974,"endHours":19.421040055040972,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:13","end":"19:48","startHours":19.221040055040973,"endHours":19.794795039205326,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:58","end":"20:43","startHours":18.971040055040973,"endHours":20.721040055040973,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:53","end":"00:48","startHours":23.876976257737233,"endHours":24.794984232400203,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:27","end":"07:10","startHours":5.450920435096463,"endHours":7.1721853875895265,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:10","end":"08:54","startHours":7.1721853875895265,"endHours":8.893450340082591,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:54","end":"10:37","startHours":8.893450340082591,"endHours":10.614715292575653,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:37","end":"12:20","startHours":10.614715292575653,"endHours":12.335980245068718,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:20","end":"14:03","startHours":12.335980245068718,"endHours":14.05724519756178,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:03","end":"15:47","startHours":14.05724519756178,"endHours":15.778510150054846,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:47","end":"17:30","startHours":15.778510150054846,"endHours":17.499775102547908,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:30","end":"19:13","startHours":17.499775102547908,"endHours":19.221040055040973,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"19:13","end":"20:30","startHours":19.221040055040973,"endHours":20.499775102547908,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:30","end":"21:47","startHours":20.499775102547908,"endHours":21.778510150054846,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:47","end":"23:03","startHours":21.778510150054846,"endHours":23.057245197561784,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:03","end":"00:20","startHours":23.057245197561784,"endHours":24.33598024506872,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:20","end":"01:37","startHours":24.33598024506872,"endHours":25.614715292575653,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:37","end":"02:54","startHours":25.614715292575653,"endHours":26.89345034008259,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:54","end":"04:10","startHours":26.89345034008259,"endHours":28.17218538758953,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:10","end":"05:27","startHours":28.17218538758953,"endHours":29.450920435096464,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:27","end":"06:27","startHours":5.450920435096463,"endHours":6.450920435096463,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:27","end":"07:27","startHours":6.450920435096463,"endHours":7.450920435096463,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:27","end":"08:27","startHours":7.450920435096463,"endHours":8.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:27","end":"09:27","startHours":8.450920435096464,"endHours":9.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:27","end":"10:27","startHours":9.450920435096464,"endHours":10.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:27","end":"11:27","startHours":10.450920435096464,"endHours":11.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:27","end":"12:27","startHours":11.450920435096464,"endHours":12.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:27","end":"13:27","startHours":12.450920435096464,"endHours":13.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:27","end":"14:27","startHours":13.450920435096464,"endHours":14.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:27","end":"15:27","startHours":14.450920435096464,"endHours":15.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:27","end":"16:27","startHours":15.450920435096464,"endHours":16.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:27","end":"17:27","startHours":16.450920435096464,"endHours":17.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:27","end":"18:27","startHours":17.450920435096464,"endHours":18.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:27","end":"19:27","startHours":18.450920435096464,"endHours":19.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:27","end":"20:27","startHours":19.450920435096464,"endHours":20.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:27","end":"21:27","startHours":20.450920435096464,"endHours":21.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:27","end":"22:27","startHours":21.450920435096464,"endHours":22.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:27","end":"23:27","startHours":22.450920435096464,"endHours":23.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:27","end":"00:27","startHours":23.450920435096464,"endHours":24.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:27","end":"01:27","startHours":24.450920435096464,"endHours":25.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:27","end":"02:27","startHours":25.450920435096464,"endHours":26.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:27","end":"03:27","startHours":26.450920435096464,"endHours":27.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:27","end":"04:27","startHours":27.450920435096464,"endHours":28.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:27","end":"05:27","startHours":28.450920435096464,"endHours":29.450920435096464,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":23.291300323774585,"eotMinutes":-2.890014704123143,"ayanamsa":23.8878}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_amanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mithuna (Āni)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"gwalior"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga June 28, 2002 CE · Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"June 28, 2002 CE for Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 05:27, sūryāsta 19:13.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/gwalior/2002-06-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/gwalior/2002-06-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/gwalior/2002-06-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/gwalior/2002-06-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/gwalior/2002-06-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T22:10:11.766Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T22:10:11.766Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T22:10:11.766Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}