{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:ghaziabad:2026-09-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ghaziabad/2026-09-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-09-30","date_display":"September 30, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":9,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461313.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872848.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":161.8669,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":23.9191,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":222.0523,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.0523},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":23.9191,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.5858},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":185.786},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":9,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461313.770833,"ahargana":1872848.2708,"kali_year":5128,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2266,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":162.67667099999994,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":25.963870999999983,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.3742},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":96.56597099999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":184.773371,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":114.98157100000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":193.805471,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":347.467171,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":307.4858,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":127.4858,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":9,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461313.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872848.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":161.8669,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":23.9191,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":222.0523,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.0523},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":23.9191,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.5858},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":185.786},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.374,"elongation":137.948},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.374,"opposition_distance":42.052}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-19,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.193,"elongation":0.557}]},"city":{"slug":"ghaziabad","name":"Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh","lat":28.6692,"lon":77.4538,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"ghaziabad","name":"Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh","lat":28.6692,"lon":77.4538,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:12","sunsetLocal":"18:07","solarNoonLocal":"12:09","dayLengthHours":11.926808961440212,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 55 Mins 37 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 04 Mins 23 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:19","moonsetLocal":"09:46","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:09","end":"13:39","startHours":12.155668728083574,"endHours":13.646519848263601,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:41","end":"09:10","startHours":7.683115367543495,"endHours":9.173966487723522,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:40","end":"12:09","startHours":10.664817607903547,"endHours":12.155668728083574,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:59","end":"09:22","startHours":8.975186338366184,"endHours":9.372746637080859,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:41","end":"07:00","startHours":6.68921462075681,"endHours":7.00726285972855,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:45","end":"12:33","startHours":11.758108429368901,"endHours":12.553229026798247,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:36","end":"05:24","startHours":4.602023052504773,"endHours":5.3971436499341205,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":5.198363500576784,"endHours":6.192264247363468,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:09","end":"14:56","startHours":14.143470221656944,"endHours":14.938590819086292,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:55","end":"18:19","startHours":17.91907320880368,"endHours":18.31907320880368,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:07","end":"18:37","startHours":18.11907320880368,"endHours":18.616023582197023,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:52","end":"19:37","startHours":17.86907320880368,"endHours":19.61907320880368,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:45","end":"00:33","startHours":23.758108429368903,"endHours":24.55322902679825,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:12","end":"07:41","startHours":6.192264247363468,"endHours":7.683115367543495,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:41","end":"09:10","startHours":7.683115367543495,"endHours":9.173966487723522,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:10","end":"10:40","startHours":9.173966487723522,"endHours":10.664817607903547,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:40","end":"12:09","startHours":10.664817607903547,"endHours":12.155668728083574,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:09","end":"13:39","startHours":12.155668728083574,"endHours":13.646519848263601,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:39","end":"15:08","startHours":13.646519848263601,"endHours":15.137370968443626,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:08","end":"16:38","startHours":15.137370968443626,"endHours":16.62822208862365,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:38","end":"18:07","startHours":16.62822208862365,"endHours":18.11907320880368,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:07","end":"19:38","startHours":18.11907320880368,"endHours":19.628222088623655,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:38","end":"21:08","startHours":19.628222088623655,"endHours":21.137370968443626,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:08","end":"22:39","startHours":21.137370968443626,"endHours":22.6465198482636,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:39","end":"00:09","startHours":22.6465198482636,"endHours":24.155668728083576,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:09","end":"01:40","startHours":24.155668728083576,"endHours":25.664817607903547,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:40","end":"03:10","startHours":25.664817607903547,"endHours":27.173966487723522,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:10","end":"04:41","startHours":27.173966487723522,"endHours":28.683115367543493,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:41","end":"06:12","startHours":28.683115367543493,"endHours":30.192264247363468,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":6.192264247363468,"endHours":7.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.192264247363468,"endHours":8.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.192264247363468,"endHours":9.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.192264247363468,"endHours":10.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.192264247363468,"endHours":11.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.192264247363468,"endHours":12.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.192264247363468,"endHours":13.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.192264247363468,"endHours":14.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.192264247363468,"endHours":15.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.192264247363468,"endHours":16.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.192264247363468,"endHours":17.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.192264247363468,"endHours":18.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.192264247363468,"endHours":19.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.192264247363468,"endHours":20.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.192264247363468,"endHours":21.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.192264247363468,"endHours":22.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.192264247363468,"endHours":23.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.192264247363468,"endHours":24.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.192264247363468,"endHours":25.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.192264247363468,"endHours":26.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.192264247363468,"endHours":27.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.192264247363468,"endHours":28.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.192264247363468,"endHours":29.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":29.192264247363468,"endHours":30.192264247363468,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-2.7400611832137507,"eotMinutes":10.844676314985584,"ayanamsa":24.2266}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī is not live yet; Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"ghaziabad"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 30, 2026 CE · Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 30, 2026 CE for Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:12, sūryāsta 18:07.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ghaziabad/2026-09-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ghaziabad/2026-09-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/ghaziabad/2026-09-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/ghaziabad/2026-09-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ghaziabad/2026-09-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-23T17:20:13.034Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-23T17:20:13.035Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-23T17:20:13.035Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}