{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:ghaziabad:2026-09-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ghaziabad/2026-09-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-09-23","date_display":"September 23, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":9,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461306.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872841.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":155.0099,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":290.8447,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":135.8348,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.8348},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4,"moon_longitude":290.8447,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.8447},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":85.8546},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":22,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":9,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461306.770833,"ahargana":1872841.2708,"kali_year":5128,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2264,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":155.81453899999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":291.921239,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.3153},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":92.42733900000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":174.84893899999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":113.688039,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":192.08653900000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":348.007539,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":307.8567,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":127.8567,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":9,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461306.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872841.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":155.0099,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":290.8447,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":135.8348,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.8348},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4,"moon_longitude":290.8447,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.8447},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":85.8546},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":22,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.315,"elongation":135.835},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.315,"opposition_distance":44.165}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-12,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.193,"elongation":0.557}]},"city":{"slug":"ghaziabad","name":"Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh","lat":28.6692,"lon":77.4538,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"ghaziabad","name":"Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh","lat":28.6692,"lon":77.4538,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:08","sunsetLocal":"18:16","solarNoonLocal":"12:12","dayLengthHours":12.125399607762041,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 07 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 52 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"15:49","moonsetLocal":"02:43","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:12","end":"13:43","startHours":12.195812766670581,"endHours":13.711487717640836,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:39","end":"09:10","startHours":7.648787913759815,"endHours":9.16446286473007,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:41","end":"12:12","startHours":10.680137815700325,"endHours":12.195812766670581,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:58","end":"09:22","startHours":8.96237287126737,"endHours":9.36655285819277,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:38","end":"06:58","startHours":6.6383379464463115,"endHours":6.961681935986633,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:47","end":"12:36","startHours":11.79163277974518,"endHours":12.599992753595982,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:31","end":"05:19","startHours":4.516393015087955,"endHours":5.324752988938757,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:07","end":"06:08","startHours":5.122662995476056,"endHours":6.13311296278956,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:13","end":"15:02","startHours":14.216712701297588,"endHours":15.02507267514839,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:04","end":"18:28","startHours":18.058512570551603,"endHours":18.4585125705516,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:16","end":"18:46","startHours":18.258512570551602,"endHours":18.763737554208355,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:01","end":"19:46","startHours":18.008512570551602,"endHours":19.758512570551602,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:47","end":"00:36","startHours":23.79163277974518,"endHours":24.599992753595984,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:08","end":"07:39","startHours":6.13311296278956,"endHours":7.648787913759815,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:39","end":"09:10","startHours":7.648787913759815,"endHours":9.16446286473007,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:10","end":"10:41","startHours":9.16446286473007,"endHours":10.680137815700325,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:41","end":"12:12","startHours":10.680137815700325,"endHours":12.195812766670581,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:12","end":"13:43","startHours":12.195812766670581,"endHours":13.711487717640836,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:43","end":"15:14","startHours":13.711487717640836,"endHours":15.22716266861109,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:14","end":"16:45","startHours":15.22716266861109,"endHours":16.742837619581348,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:45","end":"18:16","startHours":16.742837619581348,"endHours":18.258512570551602,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:16","end":"19:45","startHours":18.258512570551602,"endHours":19.742837619581348,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:45","end":"21:14","startHours":19.742837619581348,"endHours":21.227162668611093,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:14","end":"22:43","startHours":21.227162668611093,"endHours":22.711487717640836,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:43","end":"00:12","startHours":22.711487717640836,"endHours":24.19581276667058,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:12","end":"01:41","startHours":24.19581276667058,"endHours":25.680137815700327,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:41","end":"03:10","startHours":25.680137815700327,"endHours":27.16446286473007,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:10","end":"04:39","startHours":27.16446286473007,"endHours":28.648787913759815,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:39","end":"06:08","startHours":28.648787913759815,"endHours":30.13311296278956,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.13311296278956,"endHours":7.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.13311296278956,"endHours":8.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.13311296278956,"endHours":9.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.13311296278956,"endHours":10.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.13311296278956,"endHours":11.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.13311296278956,"endHours":12.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.13311296278956,"endHours":13.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.13311296278956,"endHours":14.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.13311296278956,"endHours":15.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.13311296278956,"endHours":16.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.13311296278956,"endHours":17.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.13311296278956,"endHours":18.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.13311296278956,"endHours":19.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.13311296278956,"endHours":20.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.13311296278956,"endHours":21.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.13311296278956,"endHours":22.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.13311296278956,"endHours":23.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.13311296278956,"endHours":24.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.13311296278956,"endHours":25.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.13311296278956,"endHours":26.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.13311296278956,"endHours":27.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.13311296278956,"endHours":28.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.13311296278956,"endHours":29.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.13311296278956,"endHours":30.13311296278956,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-0.016282768061369426,"eotMinutes":8.436033999765183,"ayanamsa":24.2264}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Dvādaśī · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"vamana-jayanti","name":"Vāmana Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"वामन जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Vāmana (5th daśāvatāra of Krishna)","deity_avatara_index":15,"significance":"Vāmana's three-step measure of all worlds; Bali's surrender. (= Onam in Kerala.)","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":12,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Bhādrapada"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Bhāgavata 8.18-22"]},{"id":"onam","name":"Onam (Vāmana / King Bali)","name_sanskrit":"ओणम् (वामन-बलि स्मरण)","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Vāmana + King Bali","significance":"Kerala festival; King Bali's annual return to Kerala. Aligned with Thiru-Onam (Śravaṇa nakshatra in Bhādrapada).","vrata":false,"detection":{"nakshatra_name":"Śravaṇa","lunar_month":"Bhādrapada"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Vāmana Jayantī · Onam (Vāmana / King Bali) is not live yet; Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"ghaziabad"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 23, 2026 CE · Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 23, 2026 CE for Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh: Śukla Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 06:08, sūryāsta 18:16.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ghaziabad/2026-09-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ghaziabad/2026-09-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/ghaziabad/2026-09-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/ghaziabad/2026-09-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ghaziabad/2026-09-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-06T19:28:02.415Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-06T19:28:02.415Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-06T19:28:02.415Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}