{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:erode:2028-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2028-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461983.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873518.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.5228,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":220.4509,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":116.9281,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.9281},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":220.4509,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.1176},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":323.9737},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461983.770833,"ahargana":1873518.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2522,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.12267299999996,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":222.926373,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.522},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":72.189573,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":109.81007299999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":151.041473,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":58.44037300000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":16.585973000000024,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":271.986,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":91.986,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461983.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873518.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.5228,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":220.4509,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":116.9281,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.9281},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":220.4509,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.1176},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":323.9737},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.522,"elongation":116.928},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.522,"opposition_distance":63.072}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-9,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.016,"elongation":2.314},{"offset_days":5,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.134,"opposition_distance":1.947}]},"city":{"slug":"erode","name":"Erode, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.341,"lon":77.7172,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"erode","name":"Erode, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.341,"lon":77.7172,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:07","sunsetLocal":"18:44","solarNoonLocal":"12:25","dayLengthHours":12.622727641775256,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 37 Mins 22 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 22 Mins 38 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:36","moonsetLocal":"02:05","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:41","end":"09:16","startHours":7.68652004287346,"endHours":9.264360998095366,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:51","end":"12:25","startHours":10.842201953317275,"endHours":12.42004290853918,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:00","end":"15:35","startHours":13.99788386376109,"endHours":15.575724818982994,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:03","end":"09:28","startHours":9.053982204065779,"endHours":9.474739792124955,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:38","end":"06:58","startHours":6.634626072725522,"endHours":6.9712321431728625,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:00","end":"12:50","startHours":11.999285320480006,"endHours":12.840800496598355,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:26","end":"05:16","startHours":4.425648735414852,"endHours":5.267163911533203,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:03","end":"06:07","startHours":5.056785117503615,"endHours":6.108679087651553,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:31","end":"15:22","startHours":14.523830848835058,"endHours":15.365346024953409,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:32","end":"18:56","startHours":18.53140672942681,"endHours":18.931406729426808,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:44","end":"19:15","startHours":18.73140672942681,"endHours":19.257353714500777,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:29","end":"20:14","startHours":18.48140672942681,"endHours":20.23140672942681,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:00","end":"00:50","startHours":23.999285320480006,"endHours":24.840800496598355,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:07","end":"07:41","startHours":6.108679087651553,"endHours":7.68652004287346,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:41","end":"09:16","startHours":7.68652004287346,"endHours":9.264360998095366,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:16","end":"10:51","startHours":9.264360998095366,"endHours":10.842201953317275,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:51","end":"12:25","startHours":10.842201953317275,"endHours":12.42004290853918,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:25","end":"14:00","startHours":12.42004290853918,"endHours":13.99788386376109,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:00","end":"15:35","startHours":13.99788386376109,"endHours":15.575724818982994,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:35","end":"17:09","startHours":15.575724818982994,"endHours":17.153565774204903,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:09","end":"18:44","startHours":17.153565774204903,"endHours":18.73140672942681,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:44","end":"20:09","startHours":18.73140672942681,"endHours":20.1535657742049,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:09","end":"21:35","startHours":20.1535657742049,"endHours":21.575724818982994,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:35","end":"23:00","startHours":21.575724818982994,"endHours":22.99788386376109,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:00","end":"00:25","startHours":22.99788386376109,"endHours":24.42004290853918,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:25","end":"01:51","startHours":24.42004290853918,"endHours":25.84220195331727,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:51","end":"03:16","startHours":25.84220195331727,"endHours":27.264360998095366,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:16","end":"04:41","startHours":27.264360998095366,"endHours":28.68652004287346,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:41","end":"06:07","startHours":28.68652004287346,"endHours":30.108679087651552,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:07","end":"07:07","startHours":6.108679087651553,"endHours":7.108679087651553,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:07","end":"08:07","startHours":7.108679087651553,"endHours":8.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:07","end":"09:07","startHours":8.108679087651552,"endHours":9.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:07","end":"10:07","startHours":9.108679087651552,"endHours":10.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:07","end":"11:07","startHours":10.108679087651552,"endHours":11.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:07","end":"12:07","startHours":11.108679087651552,"endHours":12.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:07","end":"13:07","startHours":12.108679087651552,"endHours":13.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:07","end":"14:07","startHours":13.108679087651552,"endHours":14.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:07","end":"15:07","startHours":14.108679087651552,"endHours":15.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:07","end":"16:07","startHours":15.108679087651552,"endHours":16.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:07","end":"17:07","startHours":16.108679087651552,"endHours":17.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:07","end":"18:07","startHours":17.108679087651552,"endHours":18.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:07","end":"19:07","startHours":18.108679087651552,"endHours":19.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:07","end":"20:07","startHours":19.108679087651552,"endHours":20.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:07","end":"21:07","startHours":20.108679087651552,"endHours":21.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:07","end":"22:07","startHours":21.108679087651552,"endHours":22.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:07","end":"23:07","startHours":22.108679087651552,"endHours":23.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:07","end":"00:07","startHours":23.108679087651552,"endHours":24.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:07","end":"01:07","startHours":24.108679087651552,"endHours":25.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:07","end":"02:07","startHours":25.108679087651552,"endHours":26.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:07","end":"03:07","startHours":26.108679087651552,"endHours":27.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:07","end":"04:07","startHours":27.108679087651552,"endHours":28.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:07","end":"05:07","startHours":28.108679087651552,"endHours":29.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:07","end":"06:07","startHours":29.108679087651552,"endHours":30.108679087651552,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.168261472401205,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":24.2522}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"erode"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2028 CE · Erode, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 2028 CE for Erode, Tamil Nadu: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 06:07, sūryāsta 18:44.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2028-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2028-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2028-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2028-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2028-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T23:25:26.691Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T23:25:26.691Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T23:25:26.691Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}