{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:erode:2023-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2023-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460309.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871844.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":254.5823,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":122.9393,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":228.357,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.357},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":122.9393,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.9393},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":17.5217},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460309.770833,"ahargana":1871844.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1882,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":254.88803200000007,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":120.43273199999999,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.8044},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":242.13383199999998,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":237.89133199999992,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":11.409032000000025,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":216.92783199999997,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":309.066732,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":0.6826,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":180.6826,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460309.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871844.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":254.5823,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":122.9393,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":228.357,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.357},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":122.9393,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.9393},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":17.5217},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.804,"elongation":131.643},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.804,"opposition_distance":48.357}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"erode","name":"Erode, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.341,"lon":77.7172,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"erode","name":"Erode, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.341,"lon":77.7172,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:38","sunsetLocal":"18:06","solarNoonLocal":"12:22","dayLengthHours":11.468388010579542,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 28 Mins 06 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 31 Mins 54 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:11","moonsetLocal":"09:38","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:40","end":"18:06","startHours":16.67376941936408,"endHours":18.107317920686526,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:22","end":"13:48","startHours":12.373123915396754,"endHours":13.806672416719199,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:14","end":"16:40","startHours":15.24022091804164,"endHours":16.67376941936408,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:19","end":"09:42","startHours":9.314887112575544,"endHours":9.697166712928194,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:07","end":"07:25","startHours":7.116779410547798,"endHours":7.422603090829919,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:45","startHours":11.990844315044104,"endHours":12.755403515749407,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:07","end":"05:52","startHours":5.109811508696378,"endHours":5.874370709401681,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:41","end":"06:38","startHours":5.6832309092253555,"endHours":6.638929910106984,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:17","end":"15:03","startHours":14.284521917160012,"endHours":15.049081117865315,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:54","end":"18:18","startHours":17.907317920686527,"endHours":18.307317920686526,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:06","end":"18:35","startHours":18.107317920686526,"endHours":18.58516742112734,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:51","end":"19:36","startHours":17.857317920686526,"endHours":19.607317920686526,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:45","startHours":23.990844315044104,"endHours":24.755403515749403,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:38","end":"08:04","startHours":6.638929910106984,"endHours":8.072478411429426,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:04","end":"09:30","startHours":8.072478411429426,"endHours":9.506026912751869,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:30","end":"10:56","startHours":9.506026912751869,"endHours":10.939575414074312,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:56","end":"12:22","startHours":10.939575414074312,"endHours":12.373123915396754,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:22","end":"13:48","startHours":12.373123915396754,"endHours":13.806672416719199,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:48","end":"15:14","startHours":13.806672416719199,"endHours":15.24022091804164,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:14","end":"16:40","startHours":15.24022091804164,"endHours":16.67376941936408,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:40","end":"18:06","startHours":16.67376941936408,"endHours":18.107317920686526,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:06","end":"19:40","startHours":18.107317920686526,"endHours":19.673769419364085,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:40","end":"21:14","startHours":19.673769419364085,"endHours":21.24022091804164,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:14","end":"22:48","startHours":21.24022091804164,"endHours":22.8066724167192,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:48","end":"00:22","startHours":22.8066724167192,"endHours":24.373123915396754,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:22","end":"01:56","startHours":24.373123915396754,"endHours":25.939575414074312,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:56","end":"03:30","startHours":25.939575414074312,"endHours":27.50602691275187,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:30","end":"05:04","startHours":27.50602691275187,"endHours":29.07247841142943,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:04","end":"06:38","startHours":29.07247841142943,"endHours":30.638929910106985,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:38","end":"07:38","startHours":6.638929910106984,"endHours":7.638929910106984,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:38","end":"08:38","startHours":7.638929910106984,"endHours":8.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:38","end":"09:38","startHours":8.638929910106985,"endHours":9.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:38","end":"10:38","startHours":9.638929910106985,"endHours":10.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:38","end":"11:38","startHours":10.638929910106985,"endHours":11.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:38","end":"12:38","startHours":11.638929910106985,"endHours":12.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:38","end":"13:38","startHours":12.638929910106985,"endHours":13.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:38","end":"14:38","startHours":13.638929910106985,"endHours":14.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:38","end":"15:38","startHours":14.638929910106985,"endHours":15.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:38","end":"16:38","startHours":15.638929910106985,"endHours":16.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:38","end":"17:38","startHours":16.638929910106985,"endHours":17.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:38","end":"18:38","startHours":17.638929910106985,"endHours":18.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:38","end":"19:38","startHours":18.638929910106985,"endHours":19.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:38","end":"20:38","startHours":19.638929910106985,"endHours":20.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:38","end":"21:38","startHours":20.638929910106985,"endHours":21.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:38","end":"22:38","startHours":21.638929910106985,"endHours":22.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:38","end":"23:38","startHours":22.638929910106985,"endHours":23.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:38","end":"00:38","startHours":23.638929910106985,"endHours":24.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:38","end":"01:38","startHours":24.638929910106985,"endHours":25.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:38","end":"02:38","startHours":25.638929910106985,"endHours":26.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:38","end":"03:38","startHours":26.638929910106985,"endHours":27.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:38","end":"04:38","startHours":27.638929910106985,"endHours":28.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:38","end":"05:38","startHours":28.638929910106985,"endHours":29.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:38","end":"06:38","startHours":29.638929910106985,"endHours":30.638929910106985,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mudgara","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.12588203171469,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":24.1882}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"erode"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 2023 CE · Erode, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 2023 CE for Erode, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:38, sūryāsta 18:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2023-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2023-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2023-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2023-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2023-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T23:22:46.368Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T23:22:46.368Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T23:22:46.368Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}