{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:erode:2009-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2009-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2009-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 2009 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2009,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2454862.770833,"kali_year":5110,"ahargana":1866397.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.3004,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":343.723,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":56.4226,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.4226},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":343.723,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.3896},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":271.0233},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2009,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2454862.770833,"ahargana":1866397.2708,"kali_year":5110,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.9799,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.310647,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":341.111347,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.6591},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":272.340047,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":267.64924700000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":282.46854699999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":333.261347,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":146.77094699999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":289.2909,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":109.2909,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2009,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2454862.770833,"kali_year":5110,"ahargana":1866397.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.3004,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":343.723,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":56.4226,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.4226},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":343.723,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.3896},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":271.0233},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.659,"elongation":56.423},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.659,"opposition_distance":123.577}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"erode","name":"Erode, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.341,"lon":77.7172,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"erode","name":"Erode, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.341,"lon":77.7172,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:43","sunsetLocal":"18:22","solarNoonLocal":"12:33","dayLengthHours":11.63874760942008,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 38 Mins 19 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 21 Mins 41 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:04","moonsetLocal":"22:12","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:38","end":"11:05","startHours":9.634659573342347,"endHours":11.089503024519857,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:00","end":"15:27","startHours":13.999189926874877,"endHours":15.454033378052387,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:43","end":"08:11","startHours":6.724972670987327,"endHours":8.179816122164837,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:26","end":"09:50","startHours":9.44068044651868,"endHours":9.828638700166016,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:13","end":"07:31","startHours":7.209920488046497,"endHours":7.5202870909643655,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:09","end":"12:56","startHours":12.156388222050031,"endHours":12.932304729344702,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:10","end":"05:57","startHours":5.173139656397983,"endHours":5.9490561636926556,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:45","end":"06:43","startHours":5.755077036868987,"endHours":6.724972670987327,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:29","end":"15:16","startHours":14.484137743934047,"endHours":15.26005425122872,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:10","end":"18:34","startHours":18.163720280407407,"endHours":18.563720280407406,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:22","end":"18:51","startHours":18.363720280407406,"endHours":18.848668097466575,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:07","end":"19:52","startHours":18.113720280407406,"endHours":19.863720280407406,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:09","end":"00:56","startHours":24.15638822205003,"endHours":24.932304729344704,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:43","end":"08:11","startHours":6.724972670987327,"endHours":8.179816122164837,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:11","end":"09:38","startHours":8.179816122164837,"endHours":9.634659573342347,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:38","end":"11:05","startHours":9.634659573342347,"endHours":11.089503024519857,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:05","end":"12:33","startHours":11.089503024519857,"endHours":12.544346475697367,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:33","end":"14:00","startHours":12.544346475697367,"endHours":13.999189926874877,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:00","end":"15:27","startHours":13.999189926874877,"endHours":15.454033378052387,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:27","end":"16:55","startHours":15.454033378052387,"endHours":16.908876829229897,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:55","end":"18:22","startHours":16.908876829229897,"endHours":18.363720280407406,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:22","end":"19:55","startHours":18.363720280407406,"endHours":19.908876829229897,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:55","end":"21:27","startHours":19.908876829229897,"endHours":21.454033378052387,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:27","end":"23:00","startHours":21.454033378052387,"endHours":22.999189926874877,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:00","end":"00:33","startHours":22.999189926874877,"endHours":24.544346475697367,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:33","end":"02:05","startHours":24.544346475697367,"endHours":26.089503024519857,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:05","end":"03:38","startHours":26.089503024519857,"endHours":27.634659573342347,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:38","end":"05:11","startHours":27.634659573342347,"endHours":29.179816122164837,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:11","end":"06:43","startHours":29.179816122164837,"endHours":30.724972670987327,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:43","end":"07:43","startHours":6.724972670987327,"endHours":7.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:43","end":"08:43","startHours":7.724972670987327,"endHours":8.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:43","end":"09:43","startHours":8.724972670987327,"endHours":9.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:43","end":"10:43","startHours":9.724972670987327,"endHours":10.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:43","end":"11:43","startHours":10.724972670987327,"endHours":11.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:43","end":"12:43","startHours":11.724972670987327,"endHours":12.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:43","end":"13:43","startHours":12.724972670987327,"endHours":13.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:43","end":"14:43","startHours":13.724972670987327,"endHours":14.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:43","end":"15:43","startHours":14.724972670987327,"endHours":15.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:43","end":"16:43","startHours":15.724972670987327,"endHours":16.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:43","end":"17:43","startHours":16.724972670987327,"endHours":17.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:43","end":"18:43","startHours":17.724972670987327,"endHours":18.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:43","end":"19:43","startHours":18.724972670987327,"endHours":19.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:43","end":"20:43","startHours":19.724972670987327,"endHours":20.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:43","end":"21:43","startHours":20.724972670987327,"endHours":21.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:43","end":"22:43","startHours":21.724972670987327,"endHours":22.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:43","end":"23:43","startHours":22.724972670987327,"endHours":23.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:43","end":"00:43","startHours":23.724972670987327,"endHours":24.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:43","end":"01:43","startHours":24.724972670987327,"endHours":25.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:43","end":"02:43","startHours":25.724972670987327,"endHours":26.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:43","end":"03:43","startHours":26.724972670987327,"endHours":27.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:43","end":"04:43","startHours":27.724972670987327,"endHours":28.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:43","end":"05:43","startHours":28.724972670987327,"endHours":29.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:43","end":"06:43","startHours":29.724972670987327,"endHours":30.724972670987327,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mausala","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.38827066734602,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":23.9799}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2066,"vikram_samvatsara":"Śubhakṛt","saka_samvat":1931,"saka_samvatsara":"Virodhi","bengali_samvat":1416,"malayalam_era":1185,"nanakshahi_year":540,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2066 Śubhakṛt · Śaka 1931 Virodhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"sarasvati-jayanti","name":"Sarasvatī Jayantī (Vasanta Pañchamī)","name_sanskrit":"सरस्वती जयन्ती / वसन्त पञ्चमी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sarasvatī (Vāk-tattva)","significance":"Manifestation of Devī Sarasvatī; vidyā-ārambha day; vasanta-ṛtu begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":5,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Māgha"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Skanda Purāṇa","Devī Bhāgavata"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"erode"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 2009 CE · Erode, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 2009 CE for Erode, Tamil Nadu: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:43, sūryāsta 18:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2009-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2009-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2009-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2009-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2009-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T15:11:53.705Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T15:11:53.705Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T15:11:53.705Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}