{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:erode:2001-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2001-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452274.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863809.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.2944,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":81.5666,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":186.2722,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.2722},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":81.5666,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.5666},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":336.861},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452274.770833,"ahargana":1863809.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8809,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.542328,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":83.44642799999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.175},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":322.30432799999994,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":270.277028,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":76.81622800000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":252.085328,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":45.397227999999984,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":66.4156,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":246.4156,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452274.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863809.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.2944,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":81.5666,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":186.2722,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.2722},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":81.5666,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.5666},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":336.861},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.175,"elongation":173.728},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.175,"opposition_distance":6.272}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"erode","name":"Erode, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.341,"lon":77.7172,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"erode","name":"Erode, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.341,"lon":77.7172,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:38","sunsetLocal":"18:06","solarNoonLocal":"12:22","dayLengthHours":11.469130189707858,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 28 Mins 09 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 31 Mins 51 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:33","moonsetLocal":"07:15","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:04","end":"09:30","startHours":8.07220009425631,"endHours":9.505841367969792,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:56","end":"12:22","startHours":10.939482641683274,"endHours":12.373123915396757,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:48","end":"15:14","startHours":13.806765189110237,"endHours":15.24040646282372,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:19","end":"09:42","startHours":9.314689198141327,"endHours":9.696993537798257,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:07","end":"07:25","startHours":7.1164392451139875,"endHours":7.422282716839531,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:45","startHours":11.990819575739827,"endHours":12.755428255053683,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:07","end":"05:52","startHours":5.109341461915113,"endHours":5.87395014122897,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:41","end":"06:38","startHours":5.682797971400506,"endHours":6.638558820542827,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:17","end":"15:03","startHours":14.284645613681398,"endHours":15.049254292995256,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:54","end":"18:18","startHours":17.907689010250685,"endHours":18.307689010250684,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:06","end":"18:35","startHours":18.107689010250684,"endHours":18.585569434821846,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:51","end":"19:36","startHours":17.857689010250684,"endHours":19.607689010250684,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:45","startHours":23.990819575739824,"endHours":24.755428255053683,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:38","end":"08:04","startHours":6.638558820542827,"endHours":8.07220009425631,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:04","end":"09:30","startHours":8.07220009425631,"endHours":9.505841367969792,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:30","end":"10:56","startHours":9.505841367969792,"endHours":10.939482641683274,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:56","end":"12:22","startHours":10.939482641683274,"endHours":12.373123915396757,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:22","end":"13:48","startHours":12.373123915396757,"endHours":13.806765189110237,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:48","end":"15:14","startHours":13.806765189110237,"endHours":15.24040646282372,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:14","end":"16:40","startHours":15.24040646282372,"endHours":16.674047736537204,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:40","end":"18:06","startHours":16.674047736537204,"endHours":18.107689010250684,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:06","end":"19:40","startHours":18.107689010250684,"endHours":19.6740477365372,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:40","end":"21:14","startHours":19.6740477365372,"endHours":21.24040646282372,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:14","end":"22:48","startHours":21.24040646282372,"endHours":22.806765189110237,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:48","end":"00:22","startHours":22.806765189110237,"endHours":24.373123915396754,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:22","end":"01:56","startHours":24.373123915396754,"endHours":25.939482641683274,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:56","end":"03:30","startHours":25.939482641683274,"endHours":27.50584136796979,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:30","end":"05:04","startHours":27.50584136796979,"endHours":29.07220009425631,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:04","end":"06:38","startHours":29.07220009425631,"endHours":30.638558820542826,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:38","end":"07:38","startHours":6.638558820542827,"endHours":7.638558820542827,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:38","end":"08:38","startHours":7.638558820542827,"endHours":8.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:38","end":"09:38","startHours":8.638558820542826,"endHours":9.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:38","end":"10:38","startHours":9.638558820542826,"endHours":10.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:38","end":"11:38","startHours":10.638558820542826,"endHours":11.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:38","end":"12:38","startHours":11.638558820542826,"endHours":12.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:38","end":"13:38","startHours":12.638558820542826,"endHours":13.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:38","end":"14:38","startHours":13.638558820542826,"endHours":14.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:38","end":"15:38","startHours":14.638558820542826,"endHours":15.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:38","end":"16:38","startHours":15.638558820542826,"endHours":16.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:38","end":"17:38","startHours":16.638558820542826,"endHours":17.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:38","end":"18:38","startHours":17.638558820542826,"endHours":18.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:38","end":"19:38","startHours":18.638558820542826,"endHours":19.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:38","end":"20:38","startHours":19.638558820542826,"endHours":20.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:38","end":"21:38","startHours":20.638558820542826,"endHours":21.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:38","end":"22:38","startHours":21.638558820542826,"endHours":22.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:38","end":"23:38","startHours":22.638558820542826,"endHours":23.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:38","end":"00:38","startHours":23.638558820542826,"endHours":24.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:38","end":"01:38","startHours":24.638558820542826,"endHours":25.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:38","end":"02:38","startHours":25.638558820542826,"endHours":26.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:38","end":"03:38","startHours":26.638558820542826,"endHours":27.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:38","end":"04:38","startHours":27.638558820542826,"endHours":28.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:38","end":"05:38","startHours":28.638558820542826,"endHours":29.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:38","end":"06:38","startHours":29.638558820542826,"endHours":30.638558820542826,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.10176219726863,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":23.8809}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"erode"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 2001 CE · Erode, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 2001 CE for Erode, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 06:38, sūryāsta 18:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2001-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2001-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2001-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2001-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/erode/2001-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T20:03:06.347Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T20:03:06.347Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T20:03:06.347Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}