{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:dwarka:2023-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dwarka/2023-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459945.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871480.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.8765,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.0095,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":111.133,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.133},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.0095,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.0095},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":262.8859},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459945.770833,"ahargana":1871480.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1743,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.16873899999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":9.92503899999997,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.0082},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":44.586839,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":269.262739,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":337.034139,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":272.96583899999996,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":298.32683900000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":19.9691,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":199.9691,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459945.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871480.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.8765,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.0095,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":111.133,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.133},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.0095,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.0095},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":262.8859},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.008,"elongation":111.133},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.008,"opposition_distance":68.867}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"dwarka","name":"Dvārakā","lat":22.2393,"lon":68.9686,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"dwarka","name":"Dvārakā","lat":22.2393,"lon":68.9686,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:34","sunsetLocal":"18:22","solarNoonLocal":"12:58","dayLengthHours":10.79732799739888,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 47 Mins 50 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 12 Mins 10 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:09","moonsetLocal":"02:57","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:01","end":"18:22","startHours":17.012844304414514,"endHours":18.362510304089376,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:58","end":"14:19","startHours":12.963846305389936,"endHours":14.313512305064798,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:40","end":"17:01","startHours":15.663178304739656,"endHours":17.012844304414514,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"10:05","end":"10:27","startHours":10.084558839416902,"endHours":10.444469772663531,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"08:01","end":"08:18","startHours":8.015070973248784,"endHours":8.302999719846088,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:36","end":"13:19","startHours":12.603935372143306,"endHours":13.323757238636565,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"06:08","end":"06:51","startHours":6.12553857370398,"endHours":6.845360440197238,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:40","end":"07:34","startHours":6.665404973573924,"endHours":7.565182306690497,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:46","end":"15:29","startHours":14.763400971623083,"endHours":15.483222838116342,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:10","end":"18:34","startHours":18.162510304089377,"endHours":18.562510304089376,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:22","end":"18:49","startHours":18.362510304089376,"endHours":18.812398970647664,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:07","end":"19:52","startHours":18.112510304089376,"endHours":19.862510304089376,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:36","end":"01:19","startHours":24.603935372143308,"endHours":25.323757238636563,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:34","end":"08:55","startHours":7.565182306690497,"endHours":8.914848306365357,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:55","end":"10:16","startHours":8.914848306365357,"endHours":10.264514306040217,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:16","end":"11:37","startHours":10.264514306040217,"endHours":11.614180305715077,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:37","end":"12:58","startHours":11.614180305715077,"endHours":12.963846305389936,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:58","end":"14:19","startHours":12.963846305389936,"endHours":14.313512305064798,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:19","end":"15:40","startHours":14.313512305064798,"endHours":15.663178304739656,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:40","end":"17:01","startHours":15.663178304739656,"endHours":17.012844304414514,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:01","end":"18:22","startHours":17.012844304414514,"endHours":18.362510304089376,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:22","end":"20:01","startHours":18.362510304089376,"endHours":20.012844304414518,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:01","end":"21:40","startHours":20.012844304414518,"endHours":21.663178304739656,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:40","end":"23:19","startHours":21.663178304739656,"endHours":23.313512305064798,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:19","end":"00:58","startHours":23.313512305064798,"endHours":24.963846305389936,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:58","end":"02:37","startHours":24.963846305389936,"endHours":26.614180305715077,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:37","end":"04:16","startHours":26.614180305715077,"endHours":28.26451430604022,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:16","end":"05:55","startHours":28.26451430604022,"endHours":29.914848306365357,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:55","end":"07:34","startHours":29.914848306365357,"endHours":31.565182306690495,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:34","end":"08:34","startHours":7.565182306690497,"endHours":8.565182306690497,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:34","end":"09:34","startHours":8.565182306690497,"endHours":9.565182306690497,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:34","end":"10:34","startHours":9.565182306690497,"endHours":10.565182306690497,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:34","end":"11:34","startHours":10.565182306690497,"endHours":11.565182306690497,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:34","end":"12:34","startHours":11.565182306690497,"endHours":12.565182306690497,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:34","end":"13:34","startHours":12.565182306690497,"endHours":13.565182306690497,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:34","end":"14:34","startHours":13.565182306690497,"endHours":14.565182306690497,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:34","end":"15:34","startHours":14.565182306690497,"endHours":15.565182306690497,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:34","end":"16:34","startHours":15.565182306690497,"endHours":16.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:34","end":"17:34","startHours":16.565182306690495,"endHours":17.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:34","end":"18:34","startHours":17.565182306690495,"endHours":18.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:34","end":"19:34","startHours":18.565182306690495,"endHours":19.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:34","end":"20:34","startHours":19.565182306690495,"endHours":20.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:34","end":"21:34","startHours":20.565182306690495,"endHours":21.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:34","end":"22:34","startHours":21.565182306690495,"endHours":22.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:34","end":"23:34","startHours":22.565182306690495,"endHours":23.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:34","end":"00:34","startHours":23.565182306690495,"endHours":24.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:34","end":"01:34","startHours":24.565182306690495,"endHours":25.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:34","end":"02:34","startHours":25.565182306690495,"endHours":26.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:34","end":"03:34","startHours":26.565182306690495,"endHours":27.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:34","end":"04:34","startHours":27.565182306690495,"endHours":28.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:34","end":"05:34","startHours":28.565182306690495,"endHours":29.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:34","end":"06:34","startHours":29.565182306690495,"endHours":30.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:34","end":"07:34","startHours":30.565182306690495,"endHours":31.565182306690495,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.0335136949757,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":24.1743}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"dwarka"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 2023 CE · Dvārakā · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 2023 CE for Dvārakā: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 07:34, sūryāsta 18:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dwarka/2023-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dwarka/2023-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/dwarka/2023-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/dwarka/2023-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dwarka/2023-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T00:20:02.125Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T00:20:02.125Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T00:20:02.125Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}