{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:dwarka:-0443-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dwarka/-0443-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-0443-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 444 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559460.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970995.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.5393,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":141.8284,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":8.2891,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.2891},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":141.8284,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.4951},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":275.3678},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":1,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-443,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559460.770833,"ahargana":970995.2708,"kali_year":2659,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-10.2659,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.5393,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":141.8284,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.2326},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":142.6792,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":145.554,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":52.6428,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":128.5919,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":75.3916,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":211.9978,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":31.9978,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559460.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970995.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.5393,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":141.8284,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":8.2891,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.2891},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":141.8284,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.4951},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":275.3678},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":1,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.233,"elongation":8.289},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.233,"opposition_distance":171.711}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"dwarka","name":"Dvārakā","lat":22.2393,"lon":68.9686,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"dwarka","name":"Dvārakā","lat":22.2393,"lon":68.9686,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:23","sunsetLocal":"19:37","solarNoonLocal":"13:00","dayLengthHours":13.233990055822945,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 14 Mins 02 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 45 Mins 58 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:01","moonsetLocal":"20:05","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:19","end":"17:58","startHours":16.313430058562425,"endHours":17.967678815540292,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:42","end":"11:21","startHours":9.696435030650951,"endHours":11.350683787628821,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:00","end":"14:40","startHours":13.004932544606689,"endHours":14.659181301584557,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:29","end":"09:55","startHours":9.47586852972057,"endHours":9.917001531581334,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:56","end":"07:18","startHours":6.939353769021172,"endHours":7.292260170509784,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:34","end":"13:27","startHours":12.563799542745922,"endHours":13.446065546467452,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:37","end":"05:30","startHours":4.623405509252156,"endHours":5.505671512973686,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:17","end":"06:23","startHours":5.285105012043303,"endHours":6.3879375166952155,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"15:13","end":"16:06","startHours":15.210597553910512,"endHours":16.092863557632043,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:25","end":"19:49","startHours":19.42192757251816,"endHours":19.82192757251816,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:37","end":"20:10","startHours":19.62192757251816,"endHours":20.173343824844117,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:22","end":"21:07","startHours":19.37192757251816,"endHours":21.12192757251816,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:34","end":"01:27","startHours":24.563799542745922,"endHours":25.446065546467455,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:23","end":"08:03","startHours":6.3879375166952155,"endHours":8.042186273673083,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:03","end":"09:42","startHours":8.042186273673083,"endHours":9.696435030650951,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:42","end":"11:21","startHours":9.696435030650951,"endHours":11.350683787628821,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:21","end":"13:00","startHours":11.350683787628821,"endHours":13.004932544606689,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:00","end":"14:40","startHours":13.004932544606689,"endHours":14.659181301584557,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:40","end":"16:19","startHours":14.659181301584557,"endHours":16.313430058562425,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:19","end":"17:58","startHours":16.313430058562425,"endHours":17.967678815540292,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:58","end":"19:37","startHours":17.967678815540292,"endHours":19.62192757251816,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:37","end":"20:58","startHours":19.62192757251816,"endHours":20.967678815540292,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:58","end":"22:19","startHours":20.967678815540292,"endHours":22.313430058562425,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:19","end":"23:40","startHours":22.313430058562425,"endHours":23.659181301584557,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:40","end":"01:00","startHours":23.659181301584557,"endHours":25.00493254460669,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:00","end":"02:21","startHours":25.00493254460669,"endHours":26.35068378762882,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:21","end":"03:42","startHours":26.35068378762882,"endHours":27.696435030650953,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:42","end":"05:03","startHours":27.696435030650953,"endHours":29.04218627367308,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:03","end":"06:23","startHours":29.04218627367308,"endHours":30.387937516695217,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:23","end":"07:23","startHours":6.3879375166952155,"endHours":7.3879375166952155,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:23","end":"08:23","startHours":7.3879375166952155,"endHours":8.387937516695215,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:23","end":"09:23","startHours":8.387937516695215,"endHours":9.387937516695215,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:23","end":"10:23","startHours":9.387937516695215,"endHours":10.387937516695215,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:23","end":"11:23","startHours":10.387937516695215,"endHours":11.387937516695215,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:23","end":"12:23","startHours":11.387937516695215,"endHours":12.387937516695215,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:23","end":"13:23","startHours":12.387937516695215,"endHours":13.387937516695215,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:23","end":"14:23","startHours":13.387937516695215,"endHours":14.387937516695215,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:23","end":"15:23","startHours":14.387937516695215,"endHours":15.387937516695215,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:23","end":"16:23","startHours":15.387937516695215,"endHours":16.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:23","end":"17:23","startHours":16.387937516695217,"endHours":17.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:23","end":"18:23","startHours":17.387937516695217,"endHours":18.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:23","end":"19:23","startHours":18.387937516695217,"endHours":19.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:23","end":"20:23","startHours":19.387937516695217,"endHours":20.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:23","end":"21:23","startHours":20.387937516695217,"endHours":21.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:23","end":"22:23","startHours":21.387937516695217,"endHours":22.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:23","end":"23:23","startHours":22.387937516695217,"endHours":23.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:23","end":"00:23","startHours":23.387937516695217,"endHours":24.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:23","end":"01:23","startHours":24.387937516695217,"endHours":25.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:23","end":"02:23","startHours":25.387937516695217,"endHours":26.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:23","end":"03:23","startHours":26.387937516695217,"endHours":27.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:23","end":"04:23","startHours":27.387937516695217,"endHours":28.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:23","end":"05:23","startHours":28.387937516695217,"endHours":29.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:23","end":"06:23","startHours":29.387937516695217,"endHours":30.387937516695217,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":19.422351238137132,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":-10.2659}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-386,"saka_samvat":-521,"bengali_samvat":-1036,"malayalam_era":-1267,"nanakshahi_year":-1912,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pratipada · Vikram -386 undefined · Śaka -521 undefined"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"dwarka"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 444 BCE · Dvārakā · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 444 BCE for Dvārakā: Śukla Pratipada, sūryodaya 06:23, sūryāsta 19:37.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dwarka/-0443-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dwarka/-0443-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/dwarka/-0443-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/dwarka/-0443-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dwarka/-0443-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-14T06:06:13.441Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-14T06:06:13.441Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-14T06:06:13.441Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}