{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:durban:2026-05-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/durban/2026-05-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-05-01","date_display":"May 1, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461161.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872696.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.4789,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":190.0264,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":173.5474,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.5474},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":190.0264,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.3597},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":206.5053},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461161.770833,"ahargana":1872696.2708,"kali_year":5128,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2208,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.477979000000005,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":188.89207899999997,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.6616},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":351.779079,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":1.3066789999999742,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":84.52247899999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":43.78107899999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":345.008779,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":315.5395,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":135.5395,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461161.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872696.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.4789,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":190.0264,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":173.5474,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.5474},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":190.0264,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.3597},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":206.5053},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.662,"elongation":173.547},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.662,"opposition_distance":6.453}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"durban","name":"Durban, South Africa","lat":-29.8587,"lon":31.0218,"tz_offset_hours":2,"country":"ZA","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"durban","name":"Durban, South Africa","lat":-29.8587,"lon":31.0218,"tz_offset_hours":2,"country":"ZA","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:24","sunsetLocal":"17:22","solarNoonLocal":"11:53","dayLengthHours":10.951602939761546,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 57 Mins 06 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 02 Mins 54 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:51","moonsetLocal":"05:55","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:31","end":"11:53","startHours":10.514296177047026,"endHours":11.883246544517219,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:37","end":"15:59","startHours":14.621147279457606,"endHours":15.990097646927799,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:47","end":"09:09","startHours":7.776395442106638,"endHours":9.145345809576831,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:58","end":"09:20","startHours":8.96281909391414,"endHours":9.327872525239524,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:52","end":"07:09","startHours":6.863761863793177,"endHours":7.155804608853485,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:31","end":"12:15","startHours":11.518193113191833,"endHours":12.248299975842604,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:57","end":"05:41","startHours":4.947231349334906,"endHours":5.677338211985676,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:30","end":"06:24","startHours":5.494811496322983,"endHours":6.4074450746364455,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:43","end":"14:26","startHours":13.708513701144142,"endHours":14.438620563794911,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:10","end":"17:34","startHours":17.159048014397992,"endHours":17.55904801439799,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:22","end":"17:49","startHours":17.35904801439799,"endHours":17.815364803554722,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:07","end":"18:52","startHours":17.10904801439799,"endHours":18.85904801439799,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:31","end":"00:15","startHours":23.518193113191835,"endHours":24.248299975842606,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:24","end":"07:47","startHours":6.4074450746364455,"endHours":7.776395442106638,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:47","end":"09:09","startHours":7.776395442106638,"endHours":9.145345809576831,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:09","end":"10:31","startHours":9.145345809576831,"endHours":10.514296177047026,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:31","end":"11:53","startHours":10.514296177047026,"endHours":11.883246544517219,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:53","end":"13:15","startHours":11.883246544517219,"endHours":13.252196911987411,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:15","end":"14:37","startHours":13.252196911987411,"endHours":14.621147279457606,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:37","end":"15:59","startHours":14.621147279457606,"endHours":15.990097646927799,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:59","end":"17:22","startHours":15.990097646927799,"endHours":17.35904801439799,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"17:22","end":"18:59","startHours":17.35904801439799,"endHours":18.990097646927797,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:59","end":"20:37","startHours":18.990097646927797,"endHours":20.621147279457606,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:37","end":"22:15","startHours":20.621147279457606,"endHours":22.25219691198741,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:15","end":"23:53","startHours":22.25219691198741,"endHours":23.88324654451722,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:53","end":"01:31","startHours":23.88324654451722,"endHours":25.514296177047026,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:31","end":"03:09","startHours":25.514296177047026,"endHours":27.14534580957683,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:09","end":"04:47","startHours":27.14534580957683,"endHours":28.77639544210664,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:47","end":"06:24","startHours":28.77639544210664,"endHours":30.407445074636446,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:24","end":"07:24","startHours":6.4074450746364455,"endHours":7.4074450746364455,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:24","end":"08:24","startHours":7.4074450746364455,"endHours":8.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:24","end":"09:24","startHours":8.407445074636446,"endHours":9.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:24","end":"10:24","startHours":9.407445074636446,"endHours":10.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:24","end":"11:24","startHours":10.407445074636446,"endHours":11.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:24","end":"12:24","startHours":11.407445074636446,"endHours":12.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:24","end":"13:24","startHours":12.407445074636446,"endHours":13.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:24","end":"14:24","startHours":13.407445074636446,"endHours":14.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:24","end":"15:24","startHours":14.407445074636446,"endHours":15.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:24","end":"16:24","startHours":15.407445074636446,"endHours":16.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:24","end":"17:24","startHours":16.407445074636446,"endHours":17.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:24","end":"18:24","startHours":17.407445074636446,"endHours":18.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:24","end":"19:24","startHours":18.407445074636446,"endHours":19.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:24","end":"20:24","startHours":19.407445074636446,"endHours":20.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:24","end":"21:24","startHours":20.407445074636446,"endHours":21.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:24","end":"22:24","startHours":21.407445074636446,"endHours":22.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:24","end":"23:24","startHours":22.407445074636446,"endHours":23.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:24","end":"00:24","startHours":23.407445074636446,"endHours":24.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:24","end":"01:24","startHours":24.407445074636446,"endHours":25.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:24","end":"02:24","startHours":25.407445074636446,"endHours":26.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:24","end":"03:24","startHours":26.407445074636446,"endHours":27.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:24","end":"04:24","startHours":27.407445074636446,"endHours":28.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:24","end":"05:24","startHours":28.407445074636446,"endHours":29.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:24","end":"06:24","startHours":29.407445074636446,"endHours":30.407445074636446,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":15.031750696019508,"eotMinutes":2.918007328966811,"ayanamsa":24.2208}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pūrṇimā · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"buddha-purnima","name":"Buddha Pūrṇimā","name_sanskrit":"बुद्ध पूर्णिमा","name_alternates":["Vesak","Vaiśākhī Pūrṇimā","Vesakha"],"tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Buddha (21st avatāra of Krishna per Bhāgavata 1.3.24)","deity_avatara_index":21,"significance":"Buddha's birth, enlightenment, and mahāparinirvāṇa all on this Vaiśākha Pūrṇimā. Most sacred Buddhist + Vaishnava day.","vrata":true,"primary_observance":"Day-long observance of compassion (karuṇā) and ahiṁsā; Buddha-stuti at sunset","detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":1,"related_chart":"buddha","historical_anchor":{"event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","date_julian":"-0562-04-11","location":"Lumbinī, Nepal"},"sources":["Bhāgavata Purāṇa 1.3.24","Pāli Tipiṭaka","Buddhacarita by Aśvaghoṣa"]},{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2},{"id":"kurma-jayanti","name":"Kūrma Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"कूर्म जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Kūrma (2nd avatāra of Krishna)","deity_avatara_index":11,"significance":"Kūrma supports Mount Mandara during the Sāgara-mathana (churning of the cosmic ocean).","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":4,"sources":["Bhāgavata 8.7-8"]},{"id":"chandika-jayanti","name":"Chaṇḍikā Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"चण्डिका जयन्ती","tradition":"Shakta","associated_deity":"Devī Chaṇḍikā","significance":"Devī's fierce protective form. Often coincides with Buddha Pūrṇimā.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":5},{"id":"chitra-paurnami","name":"Citrā Paurṇamī","name_sanskrit":"चित्रा पौर्णमी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Tamil regional Vaiśākha Pūrṇimā observance; honors Citragupta.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":6},{"id":"vaishakha-purnima-vrat","name":"Vaiśākha Pūrṇimā Vrat","name_sanskrit":"वैशाख पूर्णिमा व्रत","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"General Pūrṇimā vrat in Vaiśākha (highly auspicious month).","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"buddha-purnima-walk","name":"Buddha Pūrṇimā Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुद्ध पूर्णिमा यात्रा","type":"festival","description":"Bhāgavata 1.3.24 (Buddha as 21st avatāra) + BG 12.13 (compassion) + Dhammapada parallels.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/buddha-purnima-walk"},"reason":"Today is Buddha Pūrṇimā — its dedicated walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"durban"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 1, 2026 CE · Durban, South Africa · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 1, 2026 CE for Durban, South Africa: Śukla Pūrṇimā, sūryodaya 06:24, sūryāsta 17:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/durban/2026-05-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/durban/2026-05-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/durban/2026-05-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/durban/2026-05-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/durban/2026-05-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T14:56:06.472Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T14:56:06.472Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T14:56:06.472Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}