{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:durban:2001-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/durban/2001-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451910.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863445.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.5886,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":329.1802,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":72.5916,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.5916},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":329.1802,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.1802},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":225.7688},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451910.770833,"ahargana":1863445.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.867,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.823435,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":325.247935,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.0256},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":191.06373499999995,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":260.5143350000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":38.288835000000006,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":303.142435,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":30.625035000000025,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":85.702,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":265.702,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451910.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863445.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.5886,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":329.1802,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":72.5916,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.5916},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":329.1802,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.1802},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":225.7688},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.026,"elongation":72.592},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.026,"opposition_distance":107.408}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":9,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.182,"opposition_distance":1.705}]},"city":{"slug":"durban","name":"Durban, South Africa","lat":-29.8587,"lon":31.0218,"tz_offset_hours":2,"country":"ZA","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"durban","name":"Durban, South Africa","lat":-29.8587,"lon":31.0218,"tz_offset_hours":2,"country":"ZA","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:59","sunsetLocal":"19:00","solarNoonLocal":"12:00","dayLengthHours":14.02486019322851,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 01 Mins 29 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 58 Mins 31 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:21","moonsetLocal":"22:46","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"06:44","end":"08:29","startHours":6.734310399595908,"endHours":8.487417923749472,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:14","end":"12:00","startHours":10.240525447903035,"endHours":11.993632972056599,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:45","end":"15:30","startHours":13.746740496210164,"endHours":15.499848020363727,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:15","end":"08:43","startHours":8.25367025386233,"endHours":8.721165593636613,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:34","end":"05:56","startHours":5.565572050160199,"endHours":5.9395683219796265,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:32","end":"12:28","startHours":11.526137632282317,"endHours":12.461128311830883,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:07","end":"04:03","startHours":3.1112215163452093,"endHours":4.0462121958937765,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:49","end":"04:59","startHours":3.812464526006635,"endHours":4.981202875442344,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:20","end":"15:16","startHours":14.331109670928019,"endHours":15.266100350476586,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:48","end":"19:12","startHours":18.806063068670856,"endHours":19.206063068670854,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:00","end":"19:35","startHours":19.006063068670855,"endHours":19.590432243388708,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:45","end":"20:30","startHours":18.756063068670855,"endHours":20.506063068670855,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:32","end":"00:28","startHours":23.526137632282317,"endHours":24.461128311830887,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:59","end":"06:44","startHours":4.981202875442344,"endHours":6.734310399595908,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:44","end":"08:29","startHours":6.734310399595908,"endHours":8.487417923749472,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:29","end":"10:14","startHours":8.487417923749472,"endHours":10.240525447903035,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:14","end":"12:00","startHours":10.240525447903035,"endHours":11.993632972056599,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:00","end":"13:45","startHours":11.993632972056599,"endHours":13.746740496210164,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:45","end":"15:30","startHours":13.746740496210164,"endHours":15.499848020363727,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:30","end":"17:15","startHours":15.499848020363727,"endHours":17.25295554451729,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:15","end":"19:00","startHours":17.25295554451729,"endHours":19.006063068670855,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"19:00","end":"20:15","startHours":19.006063068670855,"endHours":20.25295554451729,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:15","end":"21:30","startHours":20.25295554451729,"endHours":21.49984802036373,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:30","end":"22:45","startHours":21.49984802036373,"endHours":22.746740496210165,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:45","end":"00:00","startHours":22.746740496210165,"endHours":23.9936329720566,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:00","end":"01:14","startHours":23.9936329720566,"endHours":25.240525447903035,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:14","end":"02:29","startHours":25.240525447903035,"endHours":26.487417923749472,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:29","end":"03:44","startHours":26.487417923749472,"endHours":27.734310399595905,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:44","end":"04:59","startHours":27.734310399595905,"endHours":28.981202875442342,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:59","end":"05:59","startHours":4.981202875442344,"endHours":5.981202875442344,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:59","end":"06:59","startHours":5.981202875442344,"endHours":6.981202875442344,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:59","end":"07:59","startHours":6.981202875442344,"endHours":7.981202875442344,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:59","end":"08:59","startHours":7.981202875442344,"endHours":8.981202875442344,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:59","end":"09:59","startHours":8.981202875442344,"endHours":9.981202875442344,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:59","end":"10:59","startHours":9.981202875442344,"endHours":10.981202875442344,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:59","end":"11:59","startHours":10.981202875442344,"endHours":11.981202875442344,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:59","end":"12:59","startHours":11.981202875442344,"endHours":12.981202875442344,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:59","end":"13:59","startHours":12.981202875442344,"endHours":13.981202875442344,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:59","end":"14:59","startHours":13.981202875442344,"endHours":14.981202875442344,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:59","end":"15:59","startHours":14.981202875442344,"endHours":15.981202875442344,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:59","end":"16:59","startHours":15.981202875442344,"endHours":16.981202875442342,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:59","end":"17:59","startHours":16.981202875442342,"endHours":17.981202875442342,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:59","end":"18:59","startHours":17.981202875442342,"endHours":18.981202875442342,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:59","end":"19:59","startHours":18.981202875442342,"endHours":19.981202875442342,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:59","end":"20:59","startHours":19.981202875442342,"endHours":20.981202875442342,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:59","end":"21:59","startHours":20.981202875442342,"endHours":21.981202875442342,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:59","end":"22:59","startHours":21.981202875442342,"endHours":22.981202875442342,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:59","end":"23:59","startHours":22.981202875442342,"endHours":23.981202875442342,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:59","end":"00:59","startHours":23.981202875442342,"endHours":24.981202875442342,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:59","end":"01:59","startHours":24.981202875442342,"endHours":25.981202875442342,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:59","end":"02:59","startHours":25.981202875442342,"endHours":26.981202875442342,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:59","end":"03:59","startHours":26.981202875442342,"endHours":27.981202875442342,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:59","end":"04:59","startHours":27.981202875442342,"endHours":28.981202875442342,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.006112476823876,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":23.867}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"durban"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 2001 CE · Durban, South Africa · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 2001 CE for Durban, South Africa: Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 04:59, sūryāsta 19:00.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/durban/2001-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/durban/2001-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/durban/2001-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/durban/2001-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/durban/2001-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T05:57:38.849Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T05:57:38.849Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-03T05:57:38.849Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}