{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:dubai:2025-03-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dubai/2025-03-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-03-01","date_display":"March 1, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460735.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872270.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.5931,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":328.3639,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":11.7709,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.7709},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":328.3639,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.3639},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":284.957},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":1,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460735.770833,"ahargana":1872270.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2045,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.4984549999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":330.27335500000004,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.7611},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":82.58455500000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":331.768555,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":48.02415500000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":346.335255,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":326.589155,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":338.1111,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":158.1111,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460735.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872270.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.5931,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":328.3639,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":11.7709,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.7709},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":328.3639,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.3639},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":284.957},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":1,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.761,"elongation":11.771},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.761,"opposition_distance":168.229}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":13,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.722,"opposition_distance":1.445}]},"city":{"slug":"dubai","name":"Dubai, UAE","lat":25.2048,"lon":55.2708,"tz_offset_hours":4,"country":"AE","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"dubai","name":"Dubai, UAE","lat":25.2048,"lon":55.2708,"tz_offset_hours":4,"country":"AE","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:43","sunsetLocal":"18:21","solarNoonLocal":"12:32","dayLengthHours":11.646963907620455,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 38 Mins 49 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 21 Mins 11 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:29","moonsetLocal":"19:26","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:37","end":"11:05","startHours":9.620924692380132,"endHours":11.07679518083269,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:59","end":"15:27","startHours":13.988536157737803,"endHours":15.44440664619036,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:43","end":"08:10","startHours":6.709183715475019,"endHours":8.165054203927577,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:26","end":"09:49","startHours":9.426808627253125,"endHours":9.815040757507141,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:12","end":"07:30","startHours":7.194473878292538,"endHours":7.50505958249575,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:09","end":"12:55","startHours":12.14443353903123,"endHours":12.920897799539262,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:09","end":"05:56","startHours":5.156255194458959,"endHours":5.932719454966989,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:44","end":"06:43","startHours":5.738603389839981,"endHours":6.709183715475019,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:15","startHours":14.473826320555322,"endHours":15.250290581063352,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:09","end":"18:33","startHours":18.156147623095475,"endHours":18.556147623095473,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:21","end":"18:50","startHours":18.356147623095474,"endHours":18.841437785912994,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:06","end":"19:51","startHours":18.106147623095474,"endHours":19.856147623095474,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:09","end":"00:55","startHours":24.14443353903123,"endHours":24.920897799539258,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:43","end":"08:10","startHours":6.709183715475019,"endHours":8.165054203927577,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:10","end":"09:37","startHours":8.165054203927577,"endHours":9.620924692380132,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:37","end":"11:05","startHours":9.620924692380132,"endHours":11.07679518083269,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:05","end":"12:32","startHours":11.07679518083269,"endHours":12.532665669285247,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:32","end":"13:59","startHours":12.532665669285247,"endHours":13.988536157737803,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:59","end":"15:27","startHours":13.988536157737803,"endHours":15.44440664619036,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:27","end":"16:54","startHours":15.44440664619036,"endHours":16.900277134642916,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:54","end":"18:21","startHours":16.900277134642916,"endHours":18.356147623095474,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:21","end":"19:54","startHours":18.356147623095474,"endHours":19.900277134642916,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:54","end":"21:27","startHours":19.900277134642916,"endHours":21.44440664619036,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:27","end":"22:59","startHours":21.44440664619036,"endHours":22.988536157737805,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:59","end":"00:32","startHours":22.988536157737805,"endHours":24.532665669285247,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:32","end":"02:05","startHours":24.532665669285247,"endHours":26.07679518083269,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:05","end":"03:37","startHours":26.07679518083269,"endHours":27.620924692380132,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:37","end":"05:10","startHours":27.620924692380132,"endHours":29.165054203927575,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:10","end":"06:43","startHours":29.165054203927575,"endHours":30.70918371547502,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:43","end":"07:43","startHours":6.709183715475019,"endHours":7.709183715475019,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:43","end":"08:43","startHours":7.709183715475019,"endHours":8.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:43","end":"09:43","startHours":8.70918371547502,"endHours":9.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:43","end":"10:43","startHours":9.70918371547502,"endHours":10.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:43","end":"11:43","startHours":10.70918371547502,"endHours":11.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:43","end":"12:43","startHours":11.70918371547502,"endHours":12.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:43","end":"13:43","startHours":12.70918371547502,"endHours":13.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:43","end":"14:43","startHours":13.70918371547502,"endHours":14.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:43","end":"15:43","startHours":14.70918371547502,"endHours":15.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:43","end":"16:43","startHours":15.70918371547502,"endHours":16.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:43","end":"17:43","startHours":16.70918371547502,"endHours":17.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:43","end":"18:43","startHours":17.70918371547502,"endHours":18.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:43","end":"19:43","startHours":18.70918371547502,"endHours":19.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:43","end":"20:43","startHours":19.70918371547502,"endHours":20.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:43","end":"21:43","startHours":20.70918371547502,"endHours":21.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:43","end":"22:43","startHours":21.70918371547502,"endHours":22.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:43","end":"23:43","startHours":22.70918371547502,"endHours":23.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:43","end":"00:43","startHours":23.70918371547502,"endHours":24.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:43","end":"01:43","startHours":24.70918371547502,"endHours":25.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:43","end":"02:43","startHours":25.70918371547502,"endHours":26.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:43","end":"03:43","startHours":26.70918371547502,"endHours":27.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:43","end":"04:43","startHours":27.70918371547502,"endHours":28.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:43","end":"05:43","startHours":28.70918371547502,"endHours":29.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:43","end":"06:43","startHours":29.70918371547502,"endHours":30.70918371547502,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-7.552635623858231,"eotMinutes":-13.043140157114735,"ayanamsa":24.2045}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Śukla Pratipada · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"dubai"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 1, 2025 CE · Dubai, UAE · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 1, 2025 CE for Dubai, UAE: Śukla Pratipada, sūryodaya 06:43, sūryāsta 18:21.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dubai/2025-03-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dubai/2025-03-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/dubai/2025-03-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/dubai/2025-03-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dubai/2025-03-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T18:31:27.792Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T18:31:27.792Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T18:31:27.792Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}