{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:dallas:2028-09-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dallas/2028-09-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-09-30","date_display":"September 30, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":9,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462044.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873579.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":162.3407,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":301.1259,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":138.7851,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.7851},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":301.1259,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.7925},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":103.4666},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":9,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462044.770833,"ahargana":1873579.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2546,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":163.155842,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":303.45134200000007,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.4076},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":111.090642,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":168.06324199999995,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":163.44404199999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":122.56964199999999,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":15.799342000000024,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":268.7539,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":88.7539,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":9,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462044.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873579.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":162.3407,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":301.1259,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":138.7851,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.7851},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":301.1259,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.7925},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":103.4666},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.408,"elongation":138.785},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.408,"opposition_distance":41.215}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"dallas","name":"Dallas-Fort Worth, USA","lat":32.7767,"lon":-96.797,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"dallas","name":"Dallas-Fort Worth, USA","lat":32.7767,"lon":-96.797,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:20","sunsetLocal":"18:13","solarNoonLocal":"12:16","dayLengthHours":11.87960099600968,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 52 Mins 47 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 07 Mins 13 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:07","moonsetLocal":"03:08","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:18","end":"10:47","startHours":9.302488479081152,"endHours":10.787438603582363,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:45","end":"15:15","startHours":13.757338852584782,"endHours":15.242288977085993,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:20","end":"07:49","startHours":6.332588230078732,"endHours":7.817538354579942,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:06","end":"09:30","startHours":9.104495129147658,"endHours":9.500481829014646,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:50","end":"07:09","startHours":6.827571604912469,"endHours":7.144360964806061,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:53","end":"12:40","startHours":11.876402028216583,"endHours":12.668375427950563,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:45","end":"05:32","startHours":4.748641430610775,"endHours":5.5406148303447535,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:21","end":"06:20","startHours":5.342621480411259,"endHours":6.332588230078732,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:15","end":"15:03","startHours":14.252322227418519,"endHours":15.044295627152497,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:01","end":"18:25","startHours":18.012189226088413,"endHours":18.41218922608841,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:13","end":"18:42","startHours":18.212189226088412,"endHours":18.70717260092215,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:58","end":"19:43","startHours":17.962189226088412,"endHours":19.712189226088412,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:53","end":"00:40","startHours":23.876402028216585,"endHours":24.66837542795056,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:20","end":"07:49","startHours":6.332588230078732,"endHours":7.817538354579942,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:49","end":"09:18","startHours":7.817538354579942,"endHours":9.302488479081152,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:18","end":"10:47","startHours":9.302488479081152,"endHours":10.787438603582363,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:47","end":"12:16","startHours":10.787438603582363,"endHours":12.272388728083573,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:16","end":"13:45","startHours":12.272388728083573,"endHours":13.757338852584782,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:45","end":"15:15","startHours":13.757338852584782,"endHours":15.242288977085993,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:15","end":"16:44","startHours":15.242288977085993,"endHours":16.7272391015872,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:44","end":"18:13","startHours":16.7272391015872,"endHours":18.212189226088412,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:13","end":"19:44","startHours":18.212189226088412,"endHours":19.7272391015872,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:44","end":"21:15","startHours":19.7272391015872,"endHours":21.24228897708599,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:15","end":"22:45","startHours":21.24228897708599,"endHours":22.75733885258478,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:45","end":"00:16","startHours":22.75733885258478,"endHours":24.272388728083573,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:16","end":"01:47","startHours":24.272388728083573,"endHours":25.787438603582363,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:47","end":"03:18","startHours":25.787438603582363,"endHours":27.302488479081152,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:18","end":"04:49","startHours":27.302488479081152,"endHours":28.817538354579945,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:49","end":"06:20","startHours":28.817538354579945,"endHours":30.332588230078734,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:20","end":"07:20","startHours":6.332588230078732,"endHours":7.332588230078732,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:20","end":"08:20","startHours":7.332588230078732,"endHours":8.332588230078732,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:20","end":"09:20","startHours":8.332588230078732,"endHours":9.332588230078732,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:20","end":"10:20","startHours":9.332588230078732,"endHours":10.332588230078732,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:20","end":"11:20","startHours":10.332588230078732,"endHours":11.332588230078732,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:20","end":"12:20","startHours":11.332588230078732,"endHours":12.332588230078732,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:20","end":"13:20","startHours":12.332588230078732,"endHours":13.332588230078732,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:20","end":"14:20","startHours":13.332588230078732,"endHours":14.332588230078732,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:20","end":"15:20","startHours":14.332588230078732,"endHours":15.332588230078732,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:20","end":"16:20","startHours":15.332588230078732,"endHours":16.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:20","end":"17:20","startHours":16.332588230078734,"endHours":17.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:20","end":"18:20","startHours":17.332588230078734,"endHours":18.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:20","end":"19:20","startHours":18.332588230078734,"endHours":19.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:20","end":"20:20","startHours":19.332588230078734,"endHours":20.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:20","end":"21:20","startHours":20.332588230078734,"endHours":21.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:20","end":"22:20","startHours":21.332588230078734,"endHours":22.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:20","end":"23:20","startHours":22.332588230078734,"endHours":23.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:20","end":"00:20","startHours":23.332588230078734,"endHours":24.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:20","end":"01:20","startHours":24.332588230078734,"endHours":25.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:20","end":"02:20","startHours":25.332588230078734,"endHours":26.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:20","end":"03:20","startHours":26.332588230078734,"endHours":27.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:20","end":"04:20","startHours":27.332588230078734,"endHours":28.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:20","end":"05:20","startHours":28.332588230078734,"endHours":29.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:20","end":"06:20","startHours":29.332588230078734,"endHours":30.332588230078734,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-2.9404535412044717,"eotMinutes":10.844676314985584,"ayanamsa":24.2546}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Śukla Dvādaśī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"dallas"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 30, 2028 CE · Dallas-Fort Worth, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 30, 2028 CE for Dallas-Fort Worth, USA: Śukla Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 06:20, sūryāsta 18:13.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dallas/2028-09-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dallas/2028-09-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/dallas/2028-09-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/dallas/2028-09-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dallas/2028-09-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T16:21:49.291Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T16:21:49.291Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-27T16:21:49.291Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}