{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:dallas:2028-07-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dallas/2028-07-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-07-30","date_display":"July 30, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461982.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873517.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.5725,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":206.8099,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":104.2374,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.2374},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":206.8099,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.8099},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":309.3825},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461982.770833,"ahargana":1873517.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2522,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.16641099999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":209.64771100000007,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.0852},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":71.52221099999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":107.79641099999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":150.865111,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":57.58311100000003,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":16.546110999999996,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":272.039,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":92.039,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461982.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873517.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.5725,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":206.8099,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":104.2374,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.2374},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":206.8099,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.8099},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":309.3825},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.085,"elongation":104.237},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.085,"opposition_distance":75.763}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-8,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.016,"elongation":2.314},{"offset_days":6,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.134,"opposition_distance":1.947}]},"city":{"slug":"dallas","name":"Dallas-Fort Worth, USA","lat":32.7767,"lon":-96.797,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"dallas","name":"Dallas-Fort Worth, USA","lat":32.7767,"lon":-96.797,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:40","sunsetLocal":"19:27","solarNoonLocal":"12:33","dayLengthHours":13.793306880146226,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 47 Mins 36 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 12 Mins 24 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:27","moonsetLocal":"00:52","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:44","end":"19:27","startHours":17.727534842001173,"endHours":19.45169820201945,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:33","end":"14:17","startHours":12.555044761946338,"endHours":14.279208121964615,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"16:00","end":"17:44","startHours":16.003371481982896,"endHours":17.727534842001173,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:20","startHours":8.876829593907345,"endHours":9.336606489912219,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:14","end":"06:36","startHours":6.233112441879318,"endHours":6.600933958683218,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:06","end":"13:01","startHours":12.095267865941464,"endHours":13.014821657951211,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:49","end":"04:44","startHours":3.8192837378537288,"endHours":4.738837529863478,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:31","end":"05:40","startHours":4.50894908186104,"endHours":5.658391321873226,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:51","end":"15:46","startHours":14.853929241970711,"endHours":15.77348303398046,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:15","end":"19:39","startHours":19.25169820201945,"endHours":19.65169820201945,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:27","end":"20:02","startHours":19.45169820201945,"endHours":20.026419322025543,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:12","end":"20:57","startHours":19.20169820201945,"endHours":20.95169820201945,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:06","end":"01:01","startHours":24.095267865941462,"endHours":25.014821657951213,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:40","end":"07:23","startHours":5.658391321873226,"endHours":7.382554681891504,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:23","end":"09:06","startHours":7.382554681891504,"endHours":9.106718041909783,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:06","end":"10:50","startHours":9.106718041909783,"endHours":10.83088140192806,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:50","end":"12:33","startHours":10.83088140192806,"endHours":12.555044761946338,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:33","end":"14:17","startHours":12.555044761946338,"endHours":14.279208121964615,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:17","end":"16:00","startHours":14.279208121964615,"endHours":16.003371481982896,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:00","end":"17:44","startHours":16.003371481982896,"endHours":17.727534842001173,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:44","end":"19:27","startHours":17.727534842001173,"endHours":19.45169820201945,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:27","end":"20:44","startHours":19.45169820201945,"endHours":20.727534842001173,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:44","end":"22:00","startHours":20.727534842001173,"endHours":22.003371481982896,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:00","end":"23:17","startHours":22.003371481982896,"endHours":23.279208121964615,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:17","end":"00:33","startHours":23.279208121964615,"endHours":24.555044761946338,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:33","end":"01:50","startHours":24.555044761946338,"endHours":25.83088140192806,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:50","end":"03:06","startHours":25.83088140192806,"endHours":27.10671804190978,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:06","end":"04:23","startHours":27.10671804190978,"endHours":28.382554681891502,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:23","end":"05:40","startHours":28.382554681891502,"endHours":29.658391321873225,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:40","end":"06:40","startHours":5.658391321873226,"endHours":6.658391321873226,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:40","end":"07:40","startHours":6.658391321873226,"endHours":7.658391321873226,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:40","end":"08:40","startHours":7.658391321873226,"endHours":8.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:40","end":"09:40","startHours":8.658391321873225,"endHours":9.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:40","end":"10:40","startHours":9.658391321873225,"endHours":10.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:40","end":"11:40","startHours":10.658391321873225,"endHours":11.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:40","end":"12:40","startHours":11.658391321873225,"endHours":12.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:40","end":"13:40","startHours":12.658391321873225,"endHours":13.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:40","end":"14:40","startHours":13.658391321873225,"endHours":14.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:40","end":"15:40","startHours":14.658391321873225,"endHours":15.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:40","end":"16:40","startHours":15.658391321873225,"endHours":16.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:40","end":"17:40","startHours":16.658391321873225,"endHours":17.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:40","end":"18:40","startHours":17.658391321873225,"endHours":18.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:40","end":"19:40","startHours":18.658391321873225,"endHours":19.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:40","end":"20:40","startHours":19.658391321873225,"endHours":20.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:40","end":"21:40","startHours":20.658391321873225,"endHours":21.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:40","end":"22:40","startHours":21.658391321873225,"endHours":22.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:40","end":"23:40","startHours":22.658391321873225,"endHours":23.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:40","end":"00:40","startHours":23.658391321873225,"endHours":24.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:40","end":"01:40","startHours":24.658391321873225,"endHours":25.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:40","end":"02:40","startHours":25.658391321873225,"endHours":26.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:40","end":"03:40","startHours":26.658391321873225,"endHours":27.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:40","end":"04:40","startHours":27.658391321873225,"endHours":28.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:40","end":"05:40","startHours":28.658391321873225,"endHours":29.658391321873225,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.414308902971573,"eotMinutes":-6.1146857167802535,"ayanamsa":24.2522}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Navamī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"dallas"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 30, 2028 CE · Dallas-Fort Worth, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 30, 2028 CE for Dallas-Fort Worth, USA: Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 05:40, sūryāsta 19:27.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dallas/2028-07-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dallas/2028-07-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/dallas/2028-07-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/dallas/2028-07-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/dallas/2028-07-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T19:19:51.492Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T19:19:51.492Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-27T19:19:51.492Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}