{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:cuttack:1997-12-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/cuttack/1997-12-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-12-16","date_display":"December 16, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450798.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862333.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":239.9194,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":85.5716,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":205.6522,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.6522},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2,"moon_longitude":85.5716,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.5716},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":325.4909},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":34,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450798.770833,"ahargana":1862333.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8245,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":240.29072199999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":84.28222199999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.8582},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":274.44842199999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":243.42452200000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":295.2746219999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":277.932322,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":349.669822,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":144.6211,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":324.6211,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450798.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862333.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":239.9194,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":85.5716,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":205.6522,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.6522},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2,"moon_longitude":85.5716,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.5716},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":325.4909},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":34,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.858,"elongation":154.348},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.858,"opposition_distance":25.652}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"cuttack","name":"Cuttack, Odisha","lat":20.4625,"lon":85.8828,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Odisha","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"cuttack","name":"Cuttack, Odisha","lat":20.4625,"lon":85.8828,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Odisha","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:16","sunsetLocal":"17:10","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":10.897264214891848,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 53 Mins 50 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 06 Mins 10 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:41","moonsetLocal":"07:56","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:26","end":"15:48","startHours":14.436847439936752,"endHours":15.799005466798231,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:59","end":"10:21","startHours":8.988215332490828,"endHours":10.350373359352307,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:43","end":"13:04","startHours":11.71253138621379,"endHours":13.07468941307527,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:48","end":"09:10","startHours":8.80659426224263,"endHours":9.169836402739024,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:43","end":"07:01","startHours":6.717951954388359,"endHours":7.008545666785475,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:21","end":"12:05","startHours":11.349289245717396,"endHours":12.075773526710185,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:49","end":"05:32","startHours":4.810930716782286,"endHours":5.537414997775075,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:21","end":"06:16","startHours":5.355793927526878,"endHours":6.263899278767865,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:32","end":"14:15","startHours":13.528742088695765,"endHours":14.255226369688554,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:58","end":"17:22","startHours":16.961163493659715,"endHours":17.361163493659713,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:10","end":"17:37","startHours":17.161163493659714,"endHours":17.61521616928021,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:55","end":"18:40","startHours":16.911163493659714,"endHours":18.661163493659714,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:21","end":"00:05","startHours":23.349289245717394,"endHours":24.075773526710186,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:16","end":"07:38","startHours":6.263899278767865,"endHours":7.626057305629346,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:38","end":"08:59","startHours":7.626057305629346,"endHours":8.988215332490828,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:59","end":"10:21","startHours":8.988215332490828,"endHours":10.350373359352307,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:21","end":"11:43","startHours":10.350373359352307,"endHours":11.71253138621379,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:43","end":"13:04","startHours":11.71253138621379,"endHours":13.07468941307527,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:04","end":"14:26","startHours":13.07468941307527,"endHours":14.436847439936752,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:26","end":"15:48","startHours":14.436847439936752,"endHours":15.799005466798231,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:48","end":"17:10","startHours":15.799005466798231,"endHours":17.161163493659714,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:10","end":"18:48","startHours":17.161163493659714,"endHours":18.799005466798235,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:48","end":"20:26","startHours":18.799005466798235,"endHours":20.436847439936752,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:26","end":"22:04","startHours":20.436847439936752,"endHours":22.07468941307527,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:04","end":"23:43","startHours":22.07468941307527,"endHours":23.71253138621379,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:43","end":"01:21","startHours":23.71253138621379,"endHours":25.35037335935231,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:21","end":"02:59","startHours":25.35037335935231,"endHours":26.988215332490828,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:59","end":"04:38","startHours":26.988215332490828,"endHours":28.626057305629345,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:38","end":"06:16","startHours":28.626057305629345,"endHours":30.263899278767866,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:16","end":"07:16","startHours":6.263899278767865,"endHours":7.263899278767865,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:16","end":"08:16","startHours":7.263899278767865,"endHours":8.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:16","end":"09:16","startHours":8.263899278767866,"endHours":9.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:16","end":"10:16","startHours":9.263899278767866,"endHours":10.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:16","end":"11:16","startHours":10.263899278767866,"endHours":11.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:16","end":"12:16","startHours":11.263899278767866,"endHours":12.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:16","end":"13:16","startHours":12.263899278767866,"endHours":13.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:16","end":"14:16","startHours":13.263899278767866,"endHours":14.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:16","end":"15:16","startHours":14.263899278767866,"endHours":15.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:16","end":"16:16","startHours":15.263899278767866,"endHours":16.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:16","end":"17:16","startHours":16.263899278767866,"endHours":17.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:16","end":"18:16","startHours":17.263899278767866,"endHours":18.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:16","end":"19:16","startHours":18.263899278767866,"endHours":19.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:16","end":"20:16","startHours":19.263899278767866,"endHours":20.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:16","end":"21:16","startHours":20.263899278767866,"endHours":21.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:16","end":"22:16","startHours":21.263899278767866,"endHours":22.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:16","end":"23:16","startHours":22.263899278767866,"endHours":23.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:16","end":"00:16","startHours":23.263899278767866,"endHours":24.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:16","end":"01:16","startHours":24.263899278767866,"endHours":25.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:16","end":"02:16","startHours":25.263899278767866,"endHours":26.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:16","end":"03:16","startHours":26.263899278767866,"endHours":27.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:16","end":"04:16","startHours":27.263899278767866,"endHours":28.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:16","end":"05:16","startHours":28.263899278767866,"endHours":29.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:16","end":"06:16","startHours":29.263899278767866,"endHours":30.263899278767866,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.305673567355438,"eotMinutes":3.716916827172506,"ayanamsa":23.8245}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi_ingress":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Dhanu Saṅkrānti is not live yet; Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"cuttack"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 16, 1997 CE · Cuttack, Odisha · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 16, 1997 CE for Cuttack, Odisha: Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 06:16, sūryāsta 17:10.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/cuttack/1997-12-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/cuttack/1997-12-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/cuttack/1997-12-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/cuttack/1997-12-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/cuttack/1997-12-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T07:14:08.930Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T07:14:08.930Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T07:14:08.930Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}