{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:colombo:2023-07-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2023-07-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-07-01","date_display":"July 1, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460126.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871661.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":74.4236,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":221.9049,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":147.4813,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.4813},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":221.9049,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5715},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":296.3284},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460126.770833,"ahargana":1871661.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1812,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":74.80982399999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":221.69342400000005,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.3512},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":119.77702399999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":74.25102400000003,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":15.13342399999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":116.27812399999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":312.959824,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":10.3788,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":190.3788,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460126.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871661.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":74.4236,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":221.9049,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":147.4813,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.4813},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":221.9049,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5715},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":296.3284},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.351,"elongation":147.481},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.351,"opposition_distance":32.519}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:58","sunsetLocal":"18:30","solarNoonLocal":"12:14","dayLengthHours":12.518550188398361,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 31 Mins 07 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 28 Mins 53 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:10","moonsetLocal":"03:53","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:06","end":"10:40","startHours":9.104153872974926,"endHours":10.66897264652472,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:48","end":"15:22","startHours":13.798610193624311,"endHours":15.363428967174105,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:58","end":"07:32","startHours":5.974516325875335,"endHours":7.539335099425131,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:54","end":"09:19","startHours":8.895511369834953,"endHours":9.312796376114898,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:30","end":"06:50","startHours":6.496122583725267,"endHours":6.829950588749223,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:49","end":"12:39","startHours":11.81650641379457,"endHours":12.65107642635446,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:18","end":"05:08","startHours":4.305376300755554,"endHours":5.139946313315445,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:56","end":"05:58","startHours":4.931303810175471,"endHours":5.974516325875335,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:19","end":"15:09","startHours":14.320216451474241,"endHours":15.154786464034132,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:18","end":"18:42","startHours":18.293066514273697,"endHours":18.693066514273696,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:30","end":"19:01","startHours":18.493066514273696,"endHours":19.014672772123628,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:15","end":"20:00","startHours":18.243066514273696,"endHours":19.993066514273696,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:49","end":"00:39","startHours":23.81650641379457,"endHours":24.651076426354464,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:58","end":"07:32","startHours":5.974516325875335,"endHours":7.539335099425131,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:32","end":"09:06","startHours":7.539335099425131,"endHours":9.104153872974926,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:06","end":"10:40","startHours":9.104153872974926,"endHours":10.66897264652472,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:40","end":"12:14","startHours":10.66897264652472,"endHours":12.233791420074516,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:14","end":"13:48","startHours":12.233791420074516,"endHours":13.798610193624311,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:48","end":"15:22","startHours":13.798610193624311,"endHours":15.363428967174105,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:22","end":"16:56","startHours":15.363428967174105,"endHours":16.9282477407239,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:56","end":"18:30","startHours":16.9282477407239,"endHours":18.493066514273696,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:30","end":"19:56","startHours":18.493066514273696,"endHours":19.9282477407239,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:56","end":"21:22","startHours":19.9282477407239,"endHours":21.363428967174105,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:22","end":"22:48","startHours":21.363428967174105,"endHours":22.798610193624313,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:48","end":"00:14","startHours":22.798610193624313,"endHours":24.233791420074517,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:14","end":"01:40","startHours":24.233791420074517,"endHours":25.668972646524722,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:40","end":"03:06","startHours":25.668972646524722,"endHours":27.104153872974926,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:06","end":"04:32","startHours":27.104153872974926,"endHours":28.53933509942513,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:32","end":"05:58","startHours":28.53933509942513,"endHours":29.974516325875335,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:58","end":"06:58","startHours":5.974516325875335,"endHours":6.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:58","end":"07:58","startHours":6.974516325875335,"endHours":7.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:58","end":"08:58","startHours":7.974516325875335,"endHours":8.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:58","end":"09:58","startHours":8.974516325875335,"endHours":9.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:58","end":"10:58","startHours":9.974516325875335,"endHours":10.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:58","end":"11:58","startHours":10.974516325875335,"endHours":11.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:58","end":"12:58","startHours":11.974516325875335,"endHours":12.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:58","end":"13:58","startHours":12.974516325875335,"endHours":13.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:58","end":"14:58","startHours":13.974516325875335,"endHours":14.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:58","end":"15:58","startHours":14.974516325875335,"endHours":15.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:58","end":"16:58","startHours":15.974516325875335,"endHours":16.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:58","end":"17:58","startHours":16.974516325875335,"endHours":17.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:58","end":"18:58","startHours":17.974516325875335,"endHours":18.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:58","end":"19:58","startHours":18.974516325875335,"endHours":19.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:58","end":"20:58","startHours":19.974516325875335,"endHours":20.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:58","end":"21:58","startHours":20.974516325875335,"endHours":21.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:58","end":"22:58","startHours":21.974516325875335,"endHours":22.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:58","end":"23:58","startHours":22.974516325875335,"endHours":23.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:58","end":"00:58","startHours":23.974516325875335,"endHours":24.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:58","end":"01:58","startHours":24.974516325875335,"endHours":25.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:58","end":"02:58","startHours":25.974516325875335,"endHours":26.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:58","end":"03:58","startHours":26.974516325875335,"endHours":27.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:58","end":"04:58","startHours":27.974516325875335,"endHours":28.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:58","end":"05:58","startHours":28.974516325875335,"endHours":29.974516325875335,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":23.131668314475156,"eotMinutes":-3.4722852044708983,"ayanamsa":24.1812}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mithuna (Āni)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Śukla Trayodaśī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"mithuna-sankranti","name":"Mithuna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मिथुन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Gemini.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mithuna"},"precedence":5},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"colombo"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 1, 2023 CE · Colombo, Sri Lanka · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 1, 2023 CE for Colombo, Sri Lanka: Śukla Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:58, sūryāsta 18:30.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2023-07-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2023-07-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2023-07-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2023-07-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2023-07-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:28:13.492Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:28:13.492Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T15:28:13.492Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}