{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:colombo:2023-03-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2023-03-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-03-01","date_display":"March 1, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460004.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871539.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.1073,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":62.6408,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":106.5336,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.5336},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":62.6408,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.3075},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":18.7481},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460004.770833,"ahargana":1871539.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1766,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.00948500000004,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":64.93928499999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.2244},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":54.661085000000014,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":302.326185,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":347.724485,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":346.193385,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":305.130585,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":16.843,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":196.843,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460004.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871539.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.1073,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":62.6408,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":106.5336,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.5336},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":62.6408,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.3075},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":18.7481},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.224,"elongation":106.534},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.224,"opposition_distance":73.466}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:24","sunsetLocal":"18:23","solarNoonLocal":"12:24","dayLengthHours":11.986627413122815,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 59 Mins 12 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 00 Mins 48 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:25","moonsetLocal":"01:54","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:24","end":"13:53","startHours":12.393305669285244,"endHours":13.891634095925596,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:54","end":"09:24","startHours":7.898320389364189,"endHours":9.396648816004541,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:54","end":"12:24","startHours":10.894977242644892,"endHours":12.393305669285244,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:12","end":"09:36","startHours":9.196871692452493,"endHours":9.596425939556589,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:54","end":"07:13","startHours":6.899434771603955,"endHours":7.21907816928723,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:00","end":"12:48","startHours":11.993751422181152,"endHours":12.79285991638934,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:48","end":"05:36","startHours":4.801774974307462,"endHours":5.60088346851565,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:24","end":"06:24","startHours":5.401106344963603,"endHours":6.3999919627238375,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:23","end":"15:11","startHours":14.391076904805715,"endHours":15.190185399013902,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:11","end":"18:35","startHours":18.186619375846654,"endHours":18.586619375846652,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:23","end":"18:53","startHours":18.386619375846653,"endHours":18.88606218472677,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:08","end":"19:53","startHours":18.136619375846653,"endHours":19.886619375846653,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:00","end":"00:48","startHours":23.993751422181155,"endHours":24.79285991638934,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:24","end":"07:54","startHours":6.3999919627238375,"endHours":7.898320389364189,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:54","end":"09:24","startHours":7.898320389364189,"endHours":9.396648816004541,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:24","end":"10:54","startHours":9.396648816004541,"endHours":10.894977242644892,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:54","end":"12:24","startHours":10.894977242644892,"endHours":12.393305669285244,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:24","end":"13:53","startHours":12.393305669285244,"endHours":13.891634095925596,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:53","end":"15:23","startHours":13.891634095925596,"endHours":15.389962522565948,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:23","end":"16:53","startHours":15.389962522565948,"endHours":16.8882909492063,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:53","end":"18:23","startHours":16.8882909492063,"endHours":18.386619375846653,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:23","end":"19:53","startHours":18.386619375846653,"endHours":19.8882909492063,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:53","end":"21:23","startHours":19.8882909492063,"endHours":21.38996252256595,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:23","end":"22:53","startHours":21.38996252256595,"endHours":22.891634095925596,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:53","end":"00:24","startHours":22.891634095925596,"endHours":24.393305669285247,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:24","end":"01:54","startHours":24.393305669285247,"endHours":25.89497724264489,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:54","end":"03:24","startHours":25.89497724264489,"endHours":27.396648816004543,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:24","end":"04:54","startHours":27.396648816004543,"endHours":28.89832038936419,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:54","end":"06:24","startHours":28.89832038936419,"endHours":30.39999196272384,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:24","end":"07:24","startHours":6.3999919627238375,"endHours":7.3999919627238375,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:24","end":"08:24","startHours":7.3999919627238375,"endHours":8.399991962723838,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:24","end":"09:24","startHours":8.399991962723838,"endHours":9.399991962723838,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:24","end":"10:24","startHours":9.399991962723838,"endHours":10.399991962723838,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:24","end":"11:24","startHours":10.399991962723838,"endHours":11.399991962723838,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:24","end":"12:24","startHours":11.399991962723838,"endHours":12.399991962723838,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:24","end":"13:24","startHours":12.399991962723838,"endHours":13.399991962723838,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:24","end":"14:24","startHours":13.399991962723838,"endHours":14.399991962723838,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:24","end":"15:24","startHours":14.399991962723838,"endHours":15.399991962723838,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:24","end":"16:24","startHours":15.399991962723838,"endHours":16.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:24","end":"17:24","startHours":16.39999196272384,"endHours":17.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:24","end":"18:24","startHours":17.39999196272384,"endHours":18.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:24","end":"19:24","startHours":18.39999196272384,"endHours":19.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:24","end":"20:24","startHours":19.39999196272384,"endHours":20.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:24","end":"21:24","startHours":20.39999196272384,"endHours":21.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:24","end":"22:24","startHours":21.39999196272384,"endHours":22.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:24","end":"23:24","startHours":22.39999196272384,"endHours":23.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:24","end":"00:24","startHours":23.39999196272384,"endHours":24.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:24","end":"01:24","startHours":24.39999196272384,"endHours":25.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:24","end":"02:24","startHours":25.39999196272384,"endHours":26.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:24","end":"03:24","startHours":26.39999196272384,"endHours":27.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:24","end":"04:24","startHours":27.39999196272384,"endHours":28.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:24","end":"05:24","startHours":28.39999196272384,"endHours":29.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:24","end":"06:24","startHours":29.39999196272384,"endHours":30.39999196272384,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-7.748092751046721,"eotMinutes":-13.043140157114735,"ayanamsa":24.1766}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Śukla Navamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Śukla Navamī","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"colombo"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 1, 2023 CE · Colombo, Sri Lanka · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 1, 2023 CE for Colombo, Sri Lanka: Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 06:24, sūryāsta 18:23.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2023-03-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2023-03-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2023-03-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2023-03-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2023-03-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:15:34.534Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:15:34.534Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:15:34.534Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}