{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:colombo:2018-08-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2018-08-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2018-08-31","date_display":"August 31, 2018 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458361.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1869896.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":132.7689,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.56,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":234.7911,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.7911},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.56,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.56},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":140.3289},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2018,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458361.770833,"ahargana":1869896.2708,"kali_year":5120,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1137,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.49576000000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":5.6201599999999985,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4724},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":274.3206600000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":115.88105999999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":202.83105999999998,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":178.36685999999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":248.34975999999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":103.897,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":283.897,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458361.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1869896.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":132.7689,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.56,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":234.7911,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.7911},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.56,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.56},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":140.3289},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.472,"elongation":125.209},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.472,"opposition_distance":54.791}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:03","sunsetLocal":"18:18","solarNoonLocal":"12:10","dayLengthHours":12.255492017239426,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 15 Mins 20 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 44 Mins 40 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:31","moonsetLocal":"09:47","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:38","end":"12:10","startHours":10.641557005788615,"endHours":12.173493507943544,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:14","end":"16:46","startHours":15.237366512253399,"endHours":16.76930301440833,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:35","end":"09:07","startHours":7.577684001478758,"endHours":9.109620503633685,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:54","end":"09:19","startHours":8.905362303346362,"endHours":9.31387870392101,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:33","end":"06:53","startHours":6.5563930000421395,"endHours":6.883206120501858,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:46","end":"12:35","startHours":11.764977107368896,"endHours":12.582009908518192,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:25","end":"05:14","startHours":4.41168189702524,"endHours":5.228714698174535,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:01","end":"06:03","startHours":5.024456497887211,"endHours":6.04574749932383,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:13","end":"15:02","startHours":14.216075510816783,"endHours":15.033108311966078,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:06","end":"18:30","startHours":18.101239516563258,"endHours":18.501239516563256,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:18","end":"18:49","startHours":18.301239516563257,"endHours":18.811885017281565,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:03","end":"19:48","startHours":18.051239516563257,"endHours":19.801239516563257,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:46","end":"00:35","startHours":23.764977107368896,"endHours":24.58200990851819,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:03","end":"07:35","startHours":6.04574749932383,"endHours":7.577684001478758,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:35","end":"09:07","startHours":7.577684001478758,"endHours":9.109620503633685,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:07","end":"10:38","startHours":9.109620503633685,"endHours":10.641557005788615,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:38","end":"12:10","startHours":10.641557005788615,"endHours":12.173493507943544,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:10","end":"13:42","startHours":12.173493507943544,"endHours":13.705430010098471,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:42","end":"15:14","startHours":13.705430010098471,"endHours":15.237366512253399,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:14","end":"16:46","startHours":15.237366512253399,"endHours":16.76930301440833,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:46","end":"18:18","startHours":16.76930301440833,"endHours":18.301239516563257,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:18","end":"19:46","startHours":18.301239516563257,"endHours":19.76930301440833,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:46","end":"21:14","startHours":19.76930301440833,"endHours":21.237366512253402,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:14","end":"22:42","startHours":21.237366512253402,"endHours":22.70543001009847,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:42","end":"00:10","startHours":22.70543001009847,"endHours":24.173493507943544,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:10","end":"01:38","startHours":24.173493507943544,"endHours":25.641557005788616,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:38","end":"03:07","startHours":25.641557005788616,"endHours":27.109620503633685,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:07","end":"04:35","startHours":27.109620503633685,"endHours":28.577684001478758,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:35","end":"06:03","startHours":28.577684001478758,"endHours":30.04574749932383,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:03","end":"07:03","startHours":6.04574749932383,"endHours":7.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:03","end":"08:03","startHours":7.04574749932383,"endHours":8.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:03","end":"09:03","startHours":8.04574749932383,"endHours":9.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:03","end":"10:03","startHours":9.04574749932383,"endHours":10.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:03","end":"11:03","startHours":10.04574749932383,"endHours":11.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:03","end":"12:03","startHours":11.04574749932383,"endHours":12.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:03","end":"13:03","startHours":12.04574749932383,"endHours":13.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:03","end":"14:03","startHours":13.04574749932383,"endHours":14.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:03","end":"15:03","startHours":14.04574749932383,"endHours":15.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:03","end":"16:03","startHours":15.04574749932383,"endHours":16.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:03","end":"17:03","startHours":16.04574749932383,"endHours":17.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:03","end":"18:03","startHours":17.04574749932383,"endHours":18.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:03","end":"19:03","startHours":18.04574749932383,"endHours":19.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:03","end":"20:03","startHours":19.04574749932383,"endHours":20.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:03","end":"21:03","startHours":20.04574749932383,"endHours":21.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:03","end":"22:03","startHours":21.04574749932383,"endHours":22.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:03","end":"23:03","startHours":22.04574749932383,"endHours":23.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:03","end":"00:03","startHours":23.04574749932383,"endHours":24.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:03","end":"01:03","startHours":24.04574749932383,"endHours":25.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:03","end":"02:03","startHours":25.04574749932383,"endHours":26.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:03","end":"03:03","startHours":26.04574749932383,"endHours":27.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:03","end":"04:03","startHours":27.04574749932383,"endHours":28.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:03","end":"05:03","startHours":28.04574749932383,"endHours":29.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:03","end":"06:03","startHours":29.04574749932383,"endHours":30.04574749932383,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":8.714057521682653,"eotMinutes":0.14558952338733633,"ayanamsa":24.1137}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2075,"vikram_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","saka_samvat":1940,"saka_samvatsara":"Vilambī","bengali_samvat":1425,"malayalam_era":1194,"nanakshahi_year":549,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2075 Virodhakṛt · Śaka 1940 Vilambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"simha-sankranti","name":"Siṁha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"सिंह सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Leo.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Siṃha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"colombo"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 31, 2018 CE · Colombo, Sri Lanka · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 31, 2018 CE for Colombo, Sri Lanka: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:03, sūryāsta 18:18.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2018-08-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2018-08-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2018-08-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2018-08-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2018-08-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T06:27:36.282Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T06:27:36.282Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T06:27:36.282Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}