{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:colombo:2017-10-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2017-10-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2017-10-28","date_display":"October 28, 2017 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458054.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869589.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":189.9662,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":284.0266,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":94.0604,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.0604},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2,"moon_longitude":284.0266,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.0266},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":113.9928},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":15,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2017,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458054.770833,"ahargana":1869589.2708,"kali_year":5119,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.102,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":190.70908899999995,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":281.9023890000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.2495},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":158.93928900000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":202.48458900000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":189.42138899999998,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":172.63878899999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":239.99188900000001,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":120.1633,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":300.1633,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458054.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869589.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":189.9662,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":284.0266,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":94.0604,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.0604},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2,"moon_longitude":284.0266,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.0266},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":113.9928},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":15,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.249,"elongation":94.06},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.249,"opposition_distance":85.94}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:57","sunsetLocal":"17:51","solarNoonLocal":"11:54","dayLengthHours":11.898486835391473,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 53 Mins 55 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 06 Mins 05 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:06","moonsetLocal":"23:52","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:56","end":"10:25","startHours":8.927905028827276,"endHours":10.41521588325121,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:23","end":"14:53","startHours":13.389837592099079,"endHours":14.877148446523012,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:57","end":"07:26","startHours":5.953283319979408,"endHours":7.440594174403342,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:44","end":"09:08","startHours":8.729596914904086,"endHours":9.126213142750467,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:27","end":"06:46","startHours":6.4490536047873865,"endHours":6.7663465870644925,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:30","end":"12:18","startHours":11.505910509828764,"endHours":12.299142965521527,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:22","end":"05:10","startHours":4.366818408593878,"endHours":5.160050864286643,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:58","end":"05:57","startHours":4.961742750363452,"endHours":5.953283319979408,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:53","end":"14:41","startHours":13.885607876907057,"endHours":14.678840332599822,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:39","end":"18:03","startHours":17.651770155370883,"endHours":18.051770155370882,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:51","end":"18:21","startHours":17.851770155370883,"endHours":18.34754044017886,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:36","end":"19:21","startHours":17.601770155370883,"endHours":19.351770155370883,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:30","end":"00:18","startHours":23.505910509828762,"endHours":24.29914296552153,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:57","end":"07:26","startHours":5.953283319979408,"endHours":7.440594174403342,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:26","end":"08:56","startHours":7.440594174403342,"endHours":8.927905028827276,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:56","end":"10:25","startHours":8.927905028827276,"endHours":10.41521588325121,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:25","end":"11:54","startHours":10.41521588325121,"endHours":11.902526737675146,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:54","end":"13:23","startHours":11.902526737675146,"endHours":13.389837592099079,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:23","end":"14:53","startHours":13.389837592099079,"endHours":14.877148446523012,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:53","end":"16:22","startHours":14.877148446523012,"endHours":16.364459300946947,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:22","end":"17:51","startHours":16.364459300946947,"endHours":17.851770155370883,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:51","end":"19:22","startHours":17.851770155370883,"endHours":19.364459300946947,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:22","end":"20:53","startHours":19.364459300946947,"endHours":20.877148446523016,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:53","end":"22:23","startHours":20.877148446523016,"endHours":22.38983759209908,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:23","end":"23:54","startHours":22.38983759209908,"endHours":23.902526737675146,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:54","end":"01:25","startHours":23.902526737675146,"endHours":25.41521588325121,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:25","end":"02:56","startHours":25.41521588325121,"endHours":26.927905028827276,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:56","end":"04:26","startHours":26.927905028827276,"endHours":28.440594174403344,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:26","end":"05:57","startHours":28.440594174403344,"endHours":29.95328331997941,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:57","end":"06:57","startHours":5.953283319979408,"endHours":6.953283319979408,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:57","end":"07:57","startHours":6.953283319979408,"endHours":7.953283319979408,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:57","end":"08:57","startHours":7.953283319979408,"endHours":8.953283319979409,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:57","end":"09:57","startHours":8.953283319979409,"endHours":9.953283319979409,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:57","end":"10:57","startHours":9.953283319979409,"endHours":10.953283319979409,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:57","end":"11:57","startHours":10.953283319979409,"endHours":11.953283319979409,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:57","end":"12:57","startHours":11.953283319979409,"endHours":12.953283319979409,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:57","end":"13:57","startHours":12.953283319979409,"endHours":13.953283319979409,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:57","end":"14:57","startHours":13.953283319979409,"endHours":14.953283319979409,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:57","end":"15:57","startHours":14.953283319979409,"endHours":15.953283319979409,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:57","end":"16:57","startHours":15.953283319979409,"endHours":16.95328331997941,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:57","end":"17:57","startHours":16.95328331997941,"endHours":17.95328331997941,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:57","end":"18:57","startHours":17.95328331997941,"endHours":18.95328331997941,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:57","end":"19:57","startHours":18.95328331997941,"endHours":19.95328331997941,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:57","end":"20:57","startHours":19.95328331997941,"endHours":20.95328331997941,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:57","end":"21:57","startHours":20.95328331997941,"endHours":21.95328331997941,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:57","end":"22:57","startHours":21.95328331997941,"endHours":22.95328331997941,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:57","end":"23:57","startHours":22.95328331997941,"endHours":23.95328331997941,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:57","end":"00:57","startHours":23.95328331997941,"endHours":24.95328331997941,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:57","end":"01:57","startHours":24.95328331997941,"endHours":25.95328331997941,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:57","end":"02:57","startHours":25.95328331997941,"endHours":26.95328331997941,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:57","end":"03:57","startHours":26.95328331997941,"endHours":27.95328331997941,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:57","end":"04:57","startHours":27.95328331997941,"endHours":28.95328331997941,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:57","end":"05:57","startHours":28.95328331997941,"endHours":29.95328331997941,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāṇa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-13.123720639041782,"eotMinutes":16.40359573949132,"ayanamsa":24.102}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2074,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1939,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1424,"malayalam_era":1193,"nanakshahi_year":548,"lunar_month":"Kārtika","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Kārtika Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Kārtika Śukla Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2074 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1939 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"tula-sankranti","name":"Tulā Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"तुला सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Libra.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Tulā"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Śukla Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"colombo"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 28, 2017 CE · Colombo, Sri Lanka · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 28, 2017 CE for Colombo, Sri Lanka: Śukla Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 05:57, sūryāsta 17:51.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2017-10-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2017-10-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2017-10-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2017-10-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2017-10-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T13:32:38.956Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T13:32:38.956Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T13:32:38.956Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}