{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:colombo:2016-10-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2016-10-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-10-01","date_display":"October 1, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":10,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457662.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869197.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":163.4267,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":165.4356,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":2.0089,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.0089},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2,"moon_longitude":165.4356,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.4356},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":328.8623},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":10,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457662.770833,"ahargana":1869197.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.087,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":164.212667,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":164.533867,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.8647},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":248.186867,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":146.49086699999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":159.99326700000006,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":194.73606700000005,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":227.34006699999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":140.9334,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":320.9334,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":10,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457662.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869197.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":163.4267,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":165.4356,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":2.0089,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.0089},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2,"moon_longitude":165.4356,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.4356},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":328.8623},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.865,"elongation":2.009},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.865,"opposition_distance":177.991}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-14,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.783,"opposition_distance":1.976}]},"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:58","sunsetLocal":"18:01","solarNoonLocal":"11:59","dayLengthHours":12.058689643255697,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 03 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 56 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:00","moonsetLocal":"18:01","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:59","end":"10:29","startHours":8.975118186076337,"endHours":10.482454391483298,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:30","end":"15:00","startHours":13.497126802297222,"endHours":15.004463007704185,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:58","end":"07:28","startHours":5.960445775262412,"endHours":7.467781980669374,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:46","end":"09:11","startHours":8.774140025355408,"endHours":9.176096346797264,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:28","end":"06:47","startHours":6.462891177064733,"endHours":6.784456234218218,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:35","end":"12:24","startHours":11.587834275448403,"endHours":12.391746918332116,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:21","end":"05:09","startHours":4.352620489494985,"endHours":5.156533132378699,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:57","end":"05:58","startHours":4.9555549716577705,"endHours":5.960445775262412,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:00","end":"14:48","startHours":13.999572204099543,"endHours":14.803484846983256,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:49","end":"18:13","startHours":17.81913541851811,"endHours":18.219135418518107,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:01","end":"18:31","startHours":18.019135418518108,"endHours":18.521580820320427,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:46","end":"19:31","startHours":17.769135418518108,"endHours":19.519135418518108,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:35","end":"00:24","startHours":23.5878342754484,"endHours":24.391746918332117,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:58","end":"07:28","startHours":5.960445775262412,"endHours":7.467781980669374,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:28","end":"08:59","startHours":7.467781980669374,"endHours":8.975118186076337,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:59","end":"10:29","startHours":8.975118186076337,"endHours":10.482454391483298,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:29","end":"11:59","startHours":10.482454391483298,"endHours":11.98979059689026,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:59","end":"13:30","startHours":11.98979059689026,"endHours":13.497126802297222,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:30","end":"15:00","startHours":13.497126802297222,"endHours":15.004463007704185,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:00","end":"16:31","startHours":15.004463007704185,"endHours":16.511799213111146,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:31","end":"18:01","startHours":16.511799213111146,"endHours":18.019135418518108,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:01","end":"19:31","startHours":18.019135418518108,"endHours":19.511799213111146,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:31","end":"21:00","startHours":19.511799213111146,"endHours":21.00446300770418,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:00","end":"22:30","startHours":21.00446300770418,"endHours":22.49712680229722,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:30","end":"23:59","startHours":22.49712680229722,"endHours":23.98979059689026,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:59","end":"01:29","startHours":23.98979059689026,"endHours":25.482454391483298,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:29","end":"02:59","startHours":25.482454391483298,"endHours":26.975118186076337,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:59","end":"04:28","startHours":26.975118186076337,"endHours":28.467781980669372,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:28","end":"05:58","startHours":28.467781980669372,"endHours":29.96044577526241,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:58","end":"06:58","startHours":5.960445775262412,"endHours":6.960445775262412,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:58","end":"07:58","startHours":6.960445775262412,"endHours":7.960445775262412,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:58","end":"08:58","startHours":7.960445775262412,"endHours":8.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:58","end":"09:58","startHours":8.96044577526241,"endHours":9.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:58","end":"10:58","startHours":9.96044577526241,"endHours":10.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:58","end":"11:58","startHours":10.96044577526241,"endHours":11.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:58","end":"12:58","startHours":11.96044577526241,"endHours":12.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:58","end":"13:58","startHours":12.96044577526241,"endHours":13.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:58","end":"14:58","startHours":13.96044577526241,"endHours":14.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:58","end":"15:58","startHours":14.96044577526241,"endHours":15.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:58","end":"16:58","startHours":15.96044577526241,"endHours":16.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:58","end":"17:58","startHours":16.96044577526241,"endHours":17.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:58","end":"18:58","startHours":17.96044577526241,"endHours":18.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:58","end":"19:58","startHours":18.96044577526241,"endHours":19.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:58","end":"20:58","startHours":19.96044577526241,"endHours":20.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:58","end":"21:58","startHours":20.96044577526241,"endHours":21.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:58","end":"22:58","startHours":21.96044577526241,"endHours":22.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:58","end":"23:58","startHours":22.96044577526241,"endHours":23.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:58","end":"00:58","startHours":23.96044577526241,"endHours":24.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:58","end":"01:58","startHours":24.96044577526241,"endHours":25.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:58","end":"02:58","startHours":25.96044577526241,"endHours":26.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:58","end":"03:58","startHours":26.96044577526241,"endHours":27.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:58","end":"04:58","startHours":27.96044577526241,"endHours":28.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:58","end":"05:58","startHours":28.96044577526241,"endHours":29.96044577526241,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-3.2913244072382577,"eotMinutes":11.167764186584405,"ayanamsa":24.087}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Śukla Pratipada · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"sharadiya-navratri-start","name":"Śāradīya Navrātri Start","name_sanskrit":"शारदीय नवरात्रि आरम्भ","tradition":"Shakta","associated_deity":"Devī Durgā","significance":"Autumn Navrātri begins; Devī Mahiṣāsura-mardinī worship for 9 nights.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":1,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Āśvina"},"precedence":1},{"id":"kanya-sankranti","name":"Kanyā Saṅkrānti (Mahālaya begins)","name_sanskrit":"कन्या सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Virgo; Mahālaya / Pitṛ-Pakṣa solar marker.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kanyā"},"precedence":4}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"colombo"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 1, 2016 CE · Colombo, Sri Lanka · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 1, 2016 CE for Colombo, Sri Lanka: Śukla Pratipada, sūryodaya 05:58, sūryāsta 18:01.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2016-10-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2016-10-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2016-10-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2016-10-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2016-10-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T15:07:55.517Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T15:07:55.517Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T15:07:55.517Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}