{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:colombo:2014-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2014-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2014-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 2014 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2014,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456658.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1868193.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.2145,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":249.8171,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":353.6025,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.6025},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":249.8171,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.8171},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":146.0316},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2014,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456658.770833,"ahargana":1868193.2708,"kali_year":5115,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0486,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.4826270000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":250.43882699999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.7156},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":167.39312700000005,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":257.9518270000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":81.41962699999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":272.60322700000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":206.04902700000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":194.1301,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":14.1301,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2014,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456658.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1868193.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.2145,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":249.8171,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":353.6025,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.6025},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":249.8171,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.8171},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":146.0316},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.716,"elongation":6.397},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.716,"opposition_distance":173.603}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:22","sunsetLocal":"18:06","solarNoonLocal":"12:14","dayLengthHours":11.727169176767596,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 43 Mins 38 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 16 Mins 22 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:00","moonsetLocal":"17:41","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:14","end":"13:42","startHours":12.2376729720566,"endHours":13.70356911915255,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:50","end":"09:18","startHours":7.839984530768752,"endHours":9.305880677864701,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:46","end":"12:14","startHours":10.77177682496065,"endHours":12.2376729720566,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:07","end":"09:30","startHours":9.110427858251908,"endHours":9.501333497477495,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:52","end":"07:11","startHours":6.862720432704785,"endHours":7.175444944085254,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:51","end":"12:38","startHours":11.846767332831014,"endHours":12.628578611282187,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:49","end":"05:36","startHours":4.810465826770456,"endHours":5.59227710522163,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:24","end":"06:22","startHours":5.396824285608836,"endHours":6.374088383672802,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:12","end":"14:58","startHours":14.192201168184532,"endHours":14.974012446635705,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:54","end":"18:18","startHours":17.9012575604404,"endHours":18.301257560440398,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:06","end":"18:35","startHours":18.1012575604404,"endHours":18.589889609472383,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:51","end":"19:36","startHours":17.8512575604404,"endHours":19.6012575604404,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:51","end":"00:38","startHours":23.846767332831014,"endHours":24.628578611282187,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:22","end":"07:50","startHours":6.374088383672802,"endHours":7.839984530768752,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:50","end":"09:18","startHours":7.839984530768752,"endHours":9.305880677864701,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:18","end":"10:46","startHours":9.305880677864701,"endHours":10.77177682496065,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:46","end":"12:14","startHours":10.77177682496065,"endHours":12.2376729720566,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:14","end":"13:42","startHours":12.2376729720566,"endHours":13.70356911915255,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:42","end":"15:10","startHours":13.70356911915255,"endHours":15.1694652662485,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:10","end":"16:38","startHours":15.1694652662485,"endHours":16.635361413344448,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:38","end":"18:06","startHours":16.635361413344448,"endHours":18.1012575604404,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:06","end":"19:38","startHours":18.1012575604404,"endHours":19.635361413344448,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:38","end":"21:10","startHours":19.635361413344448,"endHours":21.1694652662485,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:10","end":"22:42","startHours":21.1694652662485,"endHours":22.70356911915255,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:42","end":"00:14","startHours":22.70356911915255,"endHours":24.2376729720566,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:14","end":"01:46","startHours":24.2376729720566,"endHours":25.77177682496065,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:46","end":"03:18","startHours":25.77177682496065,"endHours":27.3058806778647,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:18","end":"04:50","startHours":27.3058806778647,"endHours":28.839984530768753,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:50","end":"06:22","startHours":28.839984530768753,"endHours":30.374088383672802,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:22","end":"07:22","startHours":6.374088383672802,"endHours":7.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:22","end":"08:22","startHours":7.374088383672802,"endHours":8.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:22","end":"09:22","startHours":8.374088383672802,"endHours":9.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:22","end":"10:22","startHours":9.374088383672802,"endHours":10.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:22","end":"11:22","startHours":10.374088383672802,"endHours":11.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:22","end":"12:22","startHours":11.374088383672802,"endHours":12.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:22","end":"13:22","startHours":12.374088383672802,"endHours":13.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:22","end":"14:22","startHours":13.374088383672802,"endHours":14.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:22","end":"15:22","startHours":14.374088383672802,"endHours":15.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:22","end":"16:22","startHours":15.374088383672802,"endHours":16.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:22","end":"17:22","startHours":16.374088383672802,"endHours":17.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:22","end":"18:22","startHours":17.374088383672802,"endHours":18.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:22","end":"19:22","startHours":18.374088383672802,"endHours":19.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:22","end":"20:22","startHours":19.374088383672802,"endHours":20.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:22","end":"21:22","startHours":20.374088383672802,"endHours":21.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:22","end":"22:22","startHours":21.374088383672802,"endHours":22.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:22","end":"23:22","startHours":22.374088383672802,"endHours":23.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:22","end":"00:22","startHours":23.374088383672802,"endHours":24.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:22","end":"01:22","startHours":24.374088383672802,"endHours":25.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:22","end":"02:22","startHours":25.374088383672802,"endHours":26.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:22","end":"03:22","startHours":26.374088383672802,"endHours":27.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:22","end":"04:22","startHours":27.374088383672802,"endHours":28.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:22","end":"05:22","startHours":28.374088383672802,"endHours":29.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":29.374088383672802,"endHours":30.374088383672802,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.01878056848912,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":24.0486}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2071,"vikram_samvatsara":"Plavaṅga","saka_samvat":1936,"saka_samvatsara":"Jaya","bengali_samvat":1421,"malayalam_era":1190,"nanakshahi_year":545,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2071 Plavaṅga · Śaka 1936 Jaya"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"colombo"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 2014 CE · Colombo, Sri Lanka · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 2014 CE for Colombo, Sri Lanka: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 06:22, sūryāsta 18:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2014-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2014-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2014-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2014-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2014-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T19:55:56.077Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T19:55:56.077Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T19:55:56.077Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}