{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:colombo:2002-07-29:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2002-07-29","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-07-29","date_display":"July 29, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":7,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452484.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864019.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.3638,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":337.2825,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":235.9187,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.9187},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":337.2825,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.9492},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":78.6464},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":7,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452484.770833,"ahargana":1864019.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8889,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.88690400000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":334.8022040000001,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4016},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":105.97490400000004,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":110.602104,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":95.20120400000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":146.161004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":60.596903999999995,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":55.2887,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":235.2887,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":7,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452484.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864019.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.3638,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":337.2825,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":235.9187,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.9187},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":337.2825,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.9492},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":78.6464},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.402,"elongation":124.081},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.402,"opposition_distance":55.919}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:04","sunsetLocal":"18:30","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":12.434860353075383,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 26 Mins 05 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 33 Mins 55 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:46","moonsetLocal":"09:50","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:37","end":"09:10","startHours":7.615308307689171,"endHours":9.169665851823593,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:43","end":"12:17","startHours":10.724023395958017,"endHours":12.27838094009244,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:50","end":"15:23","startHours":13.832738484226862,"endHours":15.387096028361285,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:58","end":"09:23","startHours":8.962418179272337,"endHours":9.37691352437485,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:35","end":"06:55","startHours":6.579069944932888,"endHours":6.910666221014898,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:52","end":"12:42","startHours":11.863885594989926,"endHours":12.69287628519495,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:24","end":"05:14","startHours":4.402969383144697,"endHours":5.231960073349722,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:01","end":"06:04","startHours":5.024712400798466,"endHours":6.0609507635547475,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:21","end":"15:11","startHours":14.350857665605002,"endHours":15.179848355810027,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:18","end":"18:42","startHours":18.29581111663013,"endHours":18.69581111663013,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:30","end":"19:01","startHours":18.49581111663013,"endHours":19.01393029800827,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:15","end":"20:00","startHours":18.24581111663013,"endHours":19.99581111663013,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:52","end":"00:42","startHours":23.863885594989927,"endHours":24.692876285194952,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:04","end":"07:37","startHours":6.0609507635547475,"endHours":7.615308307689171,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:37","end":"09:10","startHours":7.615308307689171,"endHours":9.169665851823593,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:10","end":"10:43","startHours":9.169665851823593,"endHours":10.724023395958017,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:43","end":"12:17","startHours":10.724023395958017,"endHours":12.27838094009244,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:17","end":"13:50","startHours":12.27838094009244,"endHours":13.832738484226862,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:50","end":"15:23","startHours":13.832738484226862,"endHours":15.387096028361285,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:23","end":"16:56","startHours":15.387096028361285,"endHours":16.941453572495707,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:56","end":"18:30","startHours":16.941453572495707,"endHours":18.49581111663013,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:30","end":"19:56","startHours":18.49581111663013,"endHours":19.941453572495707,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:56","end":"21:23","startHours":19.941453572495707,"endHours":21.387096028361285,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:23","end":"22:50","startHours":21.387096028361285,"endHours":22.83273848422686,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:50","end":"00:17","startHours":22.83273848422686,"endHours":24.27838094009244,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:17","end":"01:43","startHours":24.27838094009244,"endHours":25.724023395958014,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:43","end":"03:10","startHours":25.724023395958014,"endHours":27.16966585182359,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:10","end":"04:37","startHours":27.16966585182359,"endHours":28.61530830768917,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:37","end":"06:04","startHours":28.61530830768917,"endHours":30.060950763554747,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:04","end":"07:04","startHours":6.0609507635547475,"endHours":7.0609507635547475,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:04","end":"08:04","startHours":7.0609507635547475,"endHours":8.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:04","end":"09:04","startHours":8.060950763554747,"endHours":9.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:04","end":"10:04","startHours":9.060950763554747,"endHours":10.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:04","end":"11:04","startHours":10.060950763554747,"endHours":11.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:04","end":"12:04","startHours":11.060950763554747,"endHours":12.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:04","end":"13:04","startHours":12.060950763554747,"endHours":13.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:04","end":"14:04","startHours":13.060950763554747,"endHours":14.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:04","end":"15:04","startHours":14.060950763554747,"endHours":15.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:04","end":"16:04","startHours":15.060950763554747,"endHours":16.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:04","end":"17:04","startHours":16.060950763554747,"endHours":17.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:04","end":"18:04","startHours":17.060950763554747,"endHours":18.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:04","end":"19:04","startHours":18.060950763554747,"endHours":19.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:04","end":"20:04","startHours":19.060950763554747,"endHours":20.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:04","end":"21:04","startHours":20.060950763554747,"endHours":21.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:04","end":"22:04","startHours":21.060950763554747,"endHours":22.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:04","end":"23:04","startHours":22.060950763554747,"endHours":23.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:04","end":"00:04","startHours":23.060950763554747,"endHours":24.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:04","end":"01:04","startHours":24.060950763554747,"endHours":25.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:04","end":"02:04","startHours":25.060950763554747,"endHours":26.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:04","end":"03:04","startHours":26.060950763554747,"endHours":27.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:04","end":"04:04","startHours":27.060950763554747,"endHours":28.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:04","end":"05:04","startHours":28.060950763554747,"endHours":29.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:04","end":"06:04","startHours":29.060950763554747,"endHours":30.060950763554747,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāladaṇḍa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.825357924489953,"eotMinutes":-6.147656405546237,"ayanamsa":23.8889}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"colombo"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 29, 2002 CE · Colombo, Sri Lanka · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 29, 2002 CE for Colombo, Sri Lanka: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:04, sūryāsta 18:30.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2002-07-29","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2002-07-29","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2002-07-29","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2002-07-29","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2002-07-29"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T15:23:27.532Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T15:23:27.532Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T15:23:27.532Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}