{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:colombo:2002-05-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2002-05-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-05-01","date_display":"May 1, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452395.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863930.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.6819,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":247.4159,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":230.7339,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.7339},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":247.4159,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.4159},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":264.0978},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452395.770833,"ahargana":1863930.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8855,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.625405,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":248.32890500000008,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.5799},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":47.85030499999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":37.134405000000015,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":76.95860500000003,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":42.55670500000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":49.55130500000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":60.0044,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":240.0044,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452395.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863930.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.6819,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":247.4159,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":230.7339,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.7339},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":247.4159,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.4159},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":264.0978},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.58,"elongation":129.266},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.58,"opposition_distance":50.734}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:57","sunsetLocal":"18:19","solarNoonLocal":"12:08","dayLengthHours":12.364175353279347,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 21 Mins 51 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 38 Mins 09 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:44","moonsetLocal":"09:25","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:08","end":"13:40","startHours":12.127286544517219,"endHours":13.67280846367714,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:29","end":"09:02","startHours":7.490720787037464,"endHours":9.036242706197383,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:35","end":"12:08","startHours":10.581764625357302,"endHours":12.127286544517219,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:50","end":"09:15","startHours":8.83017311697606,"endHours":9.242312295418705,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:28","end":"06:47","startHours":6.4603728409308525,"endHours":6.790084183684969,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:43","end":"12:32","startHours":11.715147366074575,"endHours":12.539425722959866,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:18","end":"05:07","startHours":4.296642154106967,"endHours":5.120920510992256,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:55","end":"05:57","startHours":4.914850921770935,"endHours":5.945198867877546,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:11","end":"15:01","startHours":14.187982436730444,"endHours":15.012260793615733,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:07","end":"18:31","startHours":18.109374221156894,"endHours":18.509374221156893,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:19","end":"18:49","startHours":18.309374221156894,"endHours":18.824548194210198,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:04","end":"19:49","startHours":18.059374221156894,"endHours":19.809374221156894,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:43","end":"00:32","startHours":23.715147366074575,"endHours":24.539425722959862,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:57","end":"07:29","startHours":5.945198867877546,"endHours":7.490720787037464,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:29","end":"09:02","startHours":7.490720787037464,"endHours":9.036242706197383,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:02","end":"10:35","startHours":9.036242706197383,"endHours":10.581764625357302,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:35","end":"12:08","startHours":10.581764625357302,"endHours":12.127286544517219,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:08","end":"13:40","startHours":12.127286544517219,"endHours":13.67280846367714,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:40","end":"15:13","startHours":13.67280846367714,"endHours":15.218330382837056,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:13","end":"16:46","startHours":15.218330382837056,"endHours":16.763852301996973,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:46","end":"18:19","startHours":16.763852301996973,"endHours":18.309374221156894,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:19","end":"19:46","startHours":18.309374221156894,"endHours":19.763852301996977,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:46","end":"21:13","startHours":19.763852301996977,"endHours":21.218330382837056,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:13","end":"22:40","startHours":21.218330382837056,"endHours":22.67280846367714,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:40","end":"00:08","startHours":22.67280846367714,"endHours":24.12728654451722,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:08","end":"01:35","startHours":24.12728654451722,"endHours":25.5817646253573,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:35","end":"03:02","startHours":25.5817646253573,"endHours":27.036242706197385,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:02","end":"04:29","startHours":27.036242706197385,"endHours":28.490720787037468,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:29","end":"05:57","startHours":28.490720787037468,"endHours":29.945198867877547,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:57","end":"06:57","startHours":5.945198867877546,"endHours":6.945198867877546,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:57","end":"07:57","startHours":6.945198867877546,"endHours":7.945198867877546,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:57","end":"08:57","startHours":7.945198867877546,"endHours":8.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:57","end":"09:57","startHours":8.945198867877547,"endHours":9.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:57","end":"10:57","startHours":9.945198867877547,"endHours":10.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:57","end":"11:57","startHours":10.945198867877547,"endHours":11.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:57","end":"12:57","startHours":11.945198867877547,"endHours":12.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:57","end":"13:57","startHours":12.945198867877547,"endHours":13.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:57","end":"14:57","startHours":13.945198867877547,"endHours":14.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:57","end":"15:57","startHours":14.945198867877547,"endHours":15.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:57","end":"16:57","startHours":15.945198867877547,"endHours":16.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:57","end":"17:57","startHours":16.945198867877547,"endHours":17.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:57","end":"18:57","startHours":17.945198867877547,"endHours":18.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:57","end":"19:57","startHours":18.945198867877547,"endHours":19.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:57","end":"20:57","startHours":19.945198867877547,"endHours":20.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:57","end":"21:57","startHours":20.945198867877547,"endHours":21.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:57","end":"22:57","startHours":21.945198867877547,"endHours":22.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:57","end":"23:57","startHours":22.945198867877547,"endHours":23.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:57","end":"00:57","startHours":23.945198867877547,"endHours":24.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:57","end":"01:57","startHours":24.945198867877547,"endHours":25.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:57","end":"02:57","startHours":25.945198867877547,"endHours":26.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:57","end":"03:57","startHours":26.945198867877547,"endHours":27.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:57","end":"04:57","startHours":27.945198867877547,"endHours":28.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:57","end":"05:57","startHours":28.945198867877547,"endHours":29.945198867877547,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.97301743199298,"eotMinutes":2.918007328966811,"ayanamsa":23.8855}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"colombo"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 1, 2002 CE · Colombo, Sri Lanka · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 1, 2002 CE for Colombo, Sri Lanka: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:57, sūryāsta 18:19.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2002-05-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2002-05-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2002-05-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2002-05-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2002-05-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T13:40:27.021Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T13:40:27.021Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T13:40:27.021Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}