{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:colombo:2001-12-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2001-12-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-12-01","date_display":"December 1, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452244.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863779.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":224.5244,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":45.5848,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":181.0605,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.0605},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":45.5848,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.5848},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":270.1092},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":30,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452244.770833,"ahargana":1863779.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8798,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":225.02997400000004,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":47.172274000000016,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.7148},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":300.40347399999996,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":222.78747399999997,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":80.394274,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":214.33727399999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":47.70837399999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":68.0051,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":248.0051,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452244.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863779.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":224.5244,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":45.5848,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":181.0605,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.0605},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":45.5848,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.5848},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":270.1092},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":30,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.715,"elongation":178.94},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.715,"opposition_distance":1.06}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:08","sunsetLocal":"17:53","solarNoonLocal":"12:00","dayLengthHours":11.749529611982535,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 44 Mins 58 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 15 Mins 02 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:55","moonsetLocal":"06:23","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:04","end":"10:32","startHours":9.06968675366436,"endHours":10.538377955162176,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:29","end":"14:57","startHours":13.47576035815781,"endHours":14.944451559655626,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:08","end":"07:36","startHours":6.132304350668726,"endHours":7.600995552166543,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:52","end":"09:16","startHours":8.873861260131317,"endHours":9.265512247197401,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:37","end":"06:56","startHours":6.621868084501331,"endHours":6.935188874154199,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:37","end":"12:24","startHours":11.615418169593909,"endHours":12.398720143726077,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:34","end":"05:21","startHours":4.565700402404388,"endHours":5.349002376536557,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:09","end":"06:08","startHours":5.153176883003514,"endHours":6.132304350668726,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:58","end":"14:45","startHours":13.965324091990414,"endHours":14.748626066122583,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:41","end":"18:05","startHours":17.68183396265126,"endHours":18.08183396265126,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:53","end":"18:22","startHours":17.88183396265126,"endHours":18.371397696483864,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:38","end":"19:23","startHours":17.63183396265126,"endHours":19.38183396265126,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:37","end":"00:24","startHours":23.61541816959391,"endHours":24.39872014372608,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:08","end":"07:36","startHours":6.132304350668726,"endHours":7.600995552166543,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:36","end":"09:04","startHours":7.600995552166543,"endHours":9.06968675366436,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:04","end":"10:32","startHours":9.06968675366436,"endHours":10.538377955162176,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:32","end":"12:00","startHours":10.538377955162176,"endHours":12.007069156659993,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:00","end":"13:29","startHours":12.007069156659993,"endHours":13.47576035815781,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:29","end":"14:57","startHours":13.47576035815781,"endHours":14.944451559655626,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:57","end":"16:25","startHours":14.944451559655626,"endHours":16.413142761153445,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:25","end":"17:53","startHours":16.413142761153445,"endHours":17.88183396265126,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:53","end":"19:25","startHours":17.88183396265126,"endHours":19.413142761153445,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:25","end":"20:57","startHours":19.413142761153445,"endHours":20.944451559655626,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:57","end":"22:29","startHours":20.944451559655626,"endHours":22.47576035815781,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:29","end":"00:00","startHours":22.47576035815781,"endHours":24.007069156659995,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:00","end":"01:32","startHours":24.007069156659995,"endHours":25.538377955162176,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:32","end":"03:04","startHours":25.538377955162176,"endHours":27.06968675366436,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:04","end":"04:36","startHours":27.06968675366436,"endHours":28.600995552166545,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:36","end":"06:08","startHours":28.600995552166545,"endHours":30.132304350668726,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.132304350668726,"endHours":7.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.132304350668726,"endHours":8.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.132304350668726,"endHours":9.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.132304350668726,"endHours":10.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.132304350668726,"endHours":11.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.132304350668726,"endHours":12.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.132304350668726,"endHours":13.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.132304350668726,"endHours":14.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.132304350668726,"endHours":15.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.132304350668726,"endHours":16.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.132304350668726,"endHours":17.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.132304350668726,"endHours":18.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.132304350668726,"endHours":19.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.132304350668726,"endHours":20.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.132304350668726,"endHours":21.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.132304350668726,"endHours":22.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.132304350668726,"endHours":23.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.132304350668726,"endHours":24.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.132304350668726,"endHours":25.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.132304350668726,"endHours":26.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.132304350668726,"endHours":27.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.132304350668726,"endHours":28.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.132304350668726,"endHours":29.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.132304350668726,"endHours":30.132304350668726,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-21.782876196874135,"eotMinutes":10.131050600400467,"ayanamsa":23.8798}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Kārtika","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Rohiṇī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"colombo"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 1, 2001 CE · Colombo, Sri Lanka · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 1, 2001 CE for Colombo, Sri Lanka: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 06:08, sūryāsta 17:53.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2001-12-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2001-12-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2001-12-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2001-12-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/2001-12-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-30T22:46:49.087Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-30T22:46:49.087Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-30T22:46:49.087Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}