{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:colombo:1998-09-13:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1998-09-13","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-09-13","date_display":"September 13, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":9,"day":13,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451069.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862604.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":145.5086,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":52.2041,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":266.6956,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.6956},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":52.2041,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.2041},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":197.7127},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":9,"day":13,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451069.770833,"ahargana":1862604.2708,"kali_year":5100,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8348,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":146.227368,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":55.66076800000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4024},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":110.99226799999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":134.996868,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":329.633368,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":133.94396800000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":9.048468000000014,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":130.2623,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":310.2623,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":9,"day":13,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451069.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862604.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":145.5086,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":52.2041,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":266.6956,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.6956},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":52.2041,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.2041},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":197.7127},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.402,"elongation":93.304},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.402,"opposition_distance":86.696}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:01","sunsetLocal":"18:11","solarNoonLocal":"12:06","dayLengthHours":12.176018080668918,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 10 Mins 34 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 49 Mins 26 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:49","moonsetLocal":"12:18","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:40","end":"18:11","startHours":16.66269559808641,"endHours":18.184697858170026,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:06","end":"13:37","startHours":12.096688817835567,"endHours":13.61869107791918,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:08","end":"16:40","startHours":15.140693338002796,"endHours":16.66269559808641,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:51","end":"09:15","startHours":8.849750662990523,"endHours":9.255617932346153,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:31","end":"06:50","startHours":6.516013864195646,"endHours":6.8407076796801505,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:41","end":"12:30","startHours":11.690821548479937,"endHours":12.502556087191197,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:23","end":"05:12","startHours":4.385210700078585,"endHours":5.196945238789847,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:00","end":"06:01","startHours":4.994011604112031,"endHours":6.008679777501108,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:08","end":"14:56","startHours":14.12602516461372,"endHours":14.937759703324982,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:59","end":"18:23","startHours":17.984697858170026,"endHours":18.384697858170025,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:11","end":"18:42","startHours":18.184697858170026,"endHours":18.692031944864564,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:56","end":"19:41","startHours":17.934697858170026,"endHours":19.684697858170026,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:41","end":"00:30","startHours":23.690821548479935,"endHours":24.5025560871912,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:01","end":"07:32","startHours":6.008679777501108,"endHours":7.5306820375847225,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:32","end":"09:03","startHours":7.5306820375847225,"endHours":9.052684297668337,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:03","end":"10:34","startHours":9.052684297668337,"endHours":10.574686557751953,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:34","end":"12:06","startHours":10.574686557751953,"endHours":12.096688817835567,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:06","end":"13:37","startHours":12.096688817835567,"endHours":13.61869107791918,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:37","end":"15:08","startHours":13.61869107791918,"endHours":15.140693338002796,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:08","end":"16:40","startHours":15.140693338002796,"endHours":16.66269559808641,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:40","end":"18:11","startHours":16.66269559808641,"endHours":18.184697858170026,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:11","end":"19:40","startHours":18.184697858170026,"endHours":19.66269559808641,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:40","end":"21:08","startHours":19.66269559808641,"endHours":21.140693338002798,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:08","end":"22:37","startHours":21.140693338002798,"endHours":22.61869107791918,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:37","end":"00:06","startHours":22.61869107791918,"endHours":24.096688817835567,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:06","end":"01:34","startHours":24.096688817835567,"endHours":25.574686557751953,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:34","end":"03:03","startHours":25.574686557751953,"endHours":27.052684297668335,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:03","end":"04:32","startHours":27.052684297668335,"endHours":28.53068203758472,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:32","end":"06:01","startHours":28.53068203758472,"endHours":30.008679777501108,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:01","end":"07:01","startHours":6.008679777501108,"endHours":7.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:01","end":"08:01","startHours":7.008679777501108,"endHours":8.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:01","end":"09:01","startHours":8.008679777501108,"endHours":9.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:01","end":"10:01","startHours":9.008679777501108,"endHours":10.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:01","end":"11:01","startHours":10.008679777501108,"endHours":11.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:01","end":"12:01","startHours":11.008679777501108,"endHours":12.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:01","end":"13:01","startHours":12.008679777501108,"endHours":13.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:01","end":"14:01","startHours":13.008679777501108,"endHours":14.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:01","end":"15:01","startHours":14.008679777501108,"endHours":15.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:01","end":"16:01","startHours":15.008679777501108,"endHours":16.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:01","end":"17:01","startHours":16.008679777501108,"endHours":17.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:01","end":"18:01","startHours":17.008679777501108,"endHours":18.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:01","end":"19:01","startHours":18.008679777501108,"endHours":19.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:01","end":"20:01","startHours":19.008679777501108,"endHours":20.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:01","end":"21:01","startHours":20.008679777501108,"endHours":21.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:01","end":"22:01","startHours":21.008679777501108,"endHours":22.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:01","end":"23:01","startHours":22.008679777501108,"endHours":23.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:01","end":"00:01","startHours":23.008679777501108,"endHours":24.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:01","end":"01:01","startHours":24.008679777501108,"endHours":25.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:01","end":"02:01","startHours":25.008679777501108,"endHours":26.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:01","end":"03:01","startHours":26.008679777501108,"endHours":27.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:01","end":"04:01","startHours":27.008679777501108,"endHours":28.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:01","end":"05:01","startHours":28.008679777501108,"endHours":29.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:01","end":"06:01","startHours":29.008679777501108,"endHours":30.008679777501108,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":3.935904544308663,"eotMinutes":4.753870929866006,"ayanamsa":23.8348}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"colombo"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 13, 1998 CE · Colombo, Sri Lanka · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 13, 1998 CE for Colombo, Sri Lanka: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 06:01, sūryāsta 18:11.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1998-09-13","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1998-09-13","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1998-09-13","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1998-09-13","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1998-09-13"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T10:31:02.016Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T10:31:02.016Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T10:31:02.016Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}