{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:colombo:1998-07-29:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1998-07-29","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-07-29","date_display":"July 29, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":7,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451023.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862558.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.3971,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":166.785,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":6,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":65.3879,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.3879},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3,"moon_longitude":166.785,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.785},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":268.1821},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":10,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":7,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451023.770833,"ahargana":1862558.2708,"kali_year":5100,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8331,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.91142500000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":164.94622500000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.5201},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":81.36132499999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":124.37222500000001,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":334.0259249999999,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":77.53882499999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":9.481224999999995,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":132.6996,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":312.6996,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":7,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451023.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862558.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.3971,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":166.785,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":6,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":65.3879,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.3879},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3,"moon_longitude":166.785,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.785},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":268.1821},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":10,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.52,"elongation":65.388},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.52,"opposition_distance":114.612}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:04","sunsetLocal":"18:30","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":12.435004890062,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 26 Mins 06 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 33 Mins 54 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:28","moonsetLocal":"22:30","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:17","end":"13:50","startHours":12.27838094009244,"endHours":13.83275655135019,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:37","end":"09:10","startHours":7.615254106319188,"endHours":9.169629717576939,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:43","end":"12:17","startHours":10.72400532883469,"endHours":12.27838094009244,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:58","end":"09:23","startHours":8.962379636075905,"endHours":9.376879799077972,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:35","end":"06:55","startHours":6.579003698814022,"endHours":6.910603829215676,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:52","end":"12:42","startHours":11.86388077709037,"endHours":12.692881103094505,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:24","end":"05:14","startHours":4.402877843053172,"endHours":5.231878169057305,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:01","end":"06:04","startHours":5.024628087556272,"endHours":6.060878495061439,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:21","end":"15:11","startHours":14.350881755102773,"endHours":15.179882081106905,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:18","end":"18:42","startHours":18.29588338512344,"endHours":18.695883385123437,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:30","end":"19:01","startHours":18.495883385123438,"endHours":19.01400858887602,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:15","end":"20:00","startHours":18.245883385123438,"endHours":19.995883385123438,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:52","end":"00:42","startHours":23.863880777090372,"endHours":24.692881103094507,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:04","end":"07:37","startHours":6.060878495061439,"endHours":7.615254106319188,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:37","end":"09:10","startHours":7.615254106319188,"endHours":9.169629717576939,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:10","end":"10:43","startHours":9.169629717576939,"endHours":10.72400532883469,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:43","end":"12:17","startHours":10.72400532883469,"endHours":12.27838094009244,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:17","end":"13:50","startHours":12.27838094009244,"endHours":13.83275655135019,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:50","end":"15:23","startHours":13.83275655135019,"endHours":15.387132162607937,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:23","end":"16:56","startHours":15.387132162607937,"endHours":16.941507773865688,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:56","end":"18:30","startHours":16.941507773865688,"endHours":18.495883385123438,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:30","end":"19:56","startHours":18.495883385123438,"endHours":19.941507773865688,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:56","end":"21:23","startHours":19.941507773865688,"endHours":21.387132162607937,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:23","end":"22:50","startHours":21.387132162607937,"endHours":22.832756551350187,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:50","end":"00:17","startHours":22.832756551350187,"endHours":24.27838094009244,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:17","end":"01:43","startHours":24.27838094009244,"endHours":25.724005328834686,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:43","end":"03:10","startHours":25.724005328834686,"endHours":27.16962971757694,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:10","end":"04:37","startHours":27.16962971757694,"endHours":28.61525410631919,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:37","end":"06:04","startHours":28.61525410631919,"endHours":30.060878495061438,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:04","end":"07:04","startHours":6.060878495061439,"endHours":7.060878495061439,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:04","end":"08:04","startHours":7.060878495061439,"endHours":8.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:04","end":"09:04","startHours":8.060878495061438,"endHours":9.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:04","end":"10:04","startHours":9.060878495061438,"endHours":10.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:04","end":"11:04","startHours":10.060878495061438,"endHours":11.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:04","end":"12:04","startHours":11.060878495061438,"endHours":12.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:04","end":"13:04","startHours":12.060878495061438,"endHours":13.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:04","end":"14:04","startHours":13.060878495061438,"endHours":14.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:04","end":"15:04","startHours":14.060878495061438,"endHours":15.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:04","end":"16:04","startHours":15.060878495061438,"endHours":16.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:04","end":"17:04","startHours":16.060878495061438,"endHours":17.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:04","end":"18:04","startHours":17.060878495061438,"endHours":18.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:04","end":"19:04","startHours":18.060878495061438,"endHours":19.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:04","end":"20:04","startHours":19.060878495061438,"endHours":20.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:04","end":"21:04","startHours":20.060878495061438,"endHours":21.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:04","end":"22:04","startHours":21.060878495061438,"endHours":22.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:04","end":"23:04","startHours":22.060878495061438,"endHours":23.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:04","end":"00:04","startHours":23.060878495061438,"endHours":24.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:04","end":"01:04","startHours":24.060878495061438,"endHours":25.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:04","end":"02:04","startHours":25.060878495061438,"endHours":26.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:04","end":"03:04","startHours":26.060878495061438,"endHours":27.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:04","end":"04:04","startHours":27.060878495061438,"endHours":28.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:04","end":"05:04","startHours":28.060878495061438,"endHours":29.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:04","end":"06:04","startHours":29.060878495061438,"endHours":30.060878495061438,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.833039241258728,"eotMinutes":-6.147656405546237,"ayanamsa":23.8331}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[{"id":"kalki-jayanti","name":"Kalki Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"कल्कि जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Kalki (10th daśāvatāra of Krishna)","deity_avatara_index":22,"significance":"Future Kalki avatāra — to manifest at end of Kali Yuga; observed Śrāvaṇa Śukla 6.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":6,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa"},"precedence":4,"sources":["Bhāgavata 12.2.18-20","Kalki Purāṇa"]}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Kalki Jayantī is not live yet; Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"colombo"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 29, 1998 CE · Colombo, Sri Lanka · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 29, 1998 CE for Colombo, Sri Lanka: Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 06:04, sūryāsta 18:30.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1998-07-29","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1998-07-29","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1998-07-29","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1998-07-29","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1998-07-29"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T06:00:44.685Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T06:00:44.685Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T06:00:44.685Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}