{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:colombo:1997-07-29:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1997-07-29","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-07-29","date_display":"July 29, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450658.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862193.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.6429,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":38.2574,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":296.6145,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.6145},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":38.2574,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.5907},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":139.9003},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":49,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450658.770833,"ahargana":1862193.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8191,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.15567099999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":40.45257099999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.1172},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":176.50397099999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":128.75787100000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":294.680871,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":132.813271,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":356.492371,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":152.039,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":332.039,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450658.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862193.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.6429,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":38.2574,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":296.6145,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.6145},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":38.2574,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.5907},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":139.9003},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":49,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.117,"elongation":63.385},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.117,"opposition_distance":116.615}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"colombo","name":"Colombo, Sri Lanka","lat":6.9271,"lon":79.8612,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"LK","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:04","sunsetLocal":"18:30","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":12.433938904085114,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 26 Mins 02 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 33 Mins 58 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:57","moonsetLocal":"14:23","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:23","end":"16:56","startHours":15.386865666113717,"endHours":16.941108029124354,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:10","end":"10:43","startHours":9.169896214071159,"endHours":10.7241385770818,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:17","end":"13:50","startHours":12.278380940092436,"endHours":13.832623303103077,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:58","end":"09:23","startHours":8.962663899003074,"endHours":9.377128529139243,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:35","end":"06:55","startHours":6.579492275720093,"endHours":6.91106397982903,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:52","end":"12:42","startHours":11.863916309956268,"endHours":12.692845570228608,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:24","end":"05:14","startHours":4.403552967505198,"endHours":5.232482227777539,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:02","end":"06:04","startHours":5.025249912709454,"endHours":6.06141148804988,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:21","end":"15:11","startHours":14.350704090773288,"endHours":15.179633351045629,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:18","end":"18:42","startHours":18.295350392134996,"endHours":18.695350392134994,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:30","end":"19:01","startHours":18.495350392134995,"endHours":19.01343117980521,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:15","end":"20:00","startHours":18.245350392134995,"endHours":19.995350392134995,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:52","end":"00:42","startHours":23.86391630995627,"endHours":24.69284557022861,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:04","end":"07:37","startHours":6.06141148804988,"endHours":7.61565385106052,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:37","end":"09:10","startHours":7.61565385106052,"endHours":9.169896214071159,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:10","end":"10:43","startHours":9.169896214071159,"endHours":10.7241385770818,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:43","end":"12:17","startHours":10.7241385770818,"endHours":12.278380940092436,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:17","end":"13:50","startHours":12.278380940092436,"endHours":13.832623303103077,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:50","end":"15:23","startHours":13.832623303103077,"endHours":15.386865666113717,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:23","end":"16:56","startHours":15.386865666113717,"endHours":16.941108029124354,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:56","end":"18:30","startHours":16.941108029124354,"endHours":18.495350392134995,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:30","end":"19:56","startHours":18.495350392134995,"endHours":19.941108029124354,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:56","end":"21:23","startHours":19.941108029124354,"endHours":21.386865666113717,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:23","end":"22:50","startHours":21.386865666113717,"endHours":22.832623303103077,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:50","end":"00:17","startHours":22.832623303103077,"endHours":24.27838094009244,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:17","end":"01:43","startHours":24.27838094009244,"endHours":25.7241385770818,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:43","end":"03:10","startHours":25.7241385770818,"endHours":27.16989621407116,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:10","end":"04:37","startHours":27.16989621407116,"endHours":28.61565385106052,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:37","end":"06:04","startHours":28.61565385106052,"endHours":30.06141148804988,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:04","end":"07:04","startHours":6.06141148804988,"endHours":7.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:04","end":"08:04","startHours":7.06141148804988,"endHours":8.061411488049881,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:04","end":"09:04","startHours":8.061411488049881,"endHours":9.061411488049881,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:04","end":"10:04","startHours":9.061411488049881,"endHours":10.061411488049881,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:04","end":"11:04","startHours":10.061411488049881,"endHours":11.061411488049881,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:04","end":"12:04","startHours":11.061411488049881,"endHours":12.061411488049881,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:04","end":"13:04","startHours":12.061411488049881,"endHours":13.061411488049881,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:04","end":"14:04","startHours":13.061411488049881,"endHours":14.061411488049881,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:04","end":"15:04","startHours":14.061411488049881,"endHours":15.061411488049881,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:04","end":"16:04","startHours":15.061411488049881,"endHours":16.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:04","end":"17:04","startHours":16.06141148804988,"endHours":17.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:04","end":"18:04","startHours":17.06141148804988,"endHours":18.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:04","end":"19:04","startHours":18.06141148804988,"endHours":19.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:04","end":"20:04","startHours":19.06141148804988,"endHours":20.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:04","end":"21:04","startHours":20.06141148804988,"endHours":21.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:04","end":"22:04","startHours":21.06141148804988,"endHours":22.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:04","end":"23:04","startHours":22.06141148804988,"endHours":23.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:04","end":"00:04","startHours":23.06141148804988,"endHours":24.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:04","end":"01:04","startHours":24.06141148804988,"endHours":25.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:04","end":"02:04","startHours":25.06141148804988,"endHours":26.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:04","end":"03:04","startHours":26.06141148804988,"endHours":27.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:04","end":"04:04","startHours":27.06141148804988,"endHours":28.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:04","end":"05:04","startHours":28.06141148804988,"endHours":29.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:04","end":"06:04","startHours":29.06141148804988,"endHours":30.06141148804988,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.7763688071991,"eotMinutes":-6.147656405546237,"ayanamsa":23.8191}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Daśamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"colombo"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 29, 1997 CE · Colombo, Sri Lanka · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 29, 1997 CE for Colombo, Sri Lanka: Kṛṣṇa Daśamī, sūryodaya 06:04, sūryāsta 18:30.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1997-07-29","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1997-07-29","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1997-07-29","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1997-07-29","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/colombo/1997-07-29"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T01:38:25.002Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T01:38:25.002Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T01:38:25.002Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}