{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:coimbatore:2025-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/coimbatore/2025-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460676.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872211.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.3725,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":269.099,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":12.7264,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.7264},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":269.099,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.4323},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":165.4715},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460676.770833,"ahargana":1872211.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2023,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.66541000000007,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":270.31071,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.2827},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":97.33711,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":235.26891,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":48.970309999999984,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":303.21421,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":320.42381,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":341.2372,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":161.2372,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460676.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872211.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.3725,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":269.099,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":12.7264,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.7264},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":269.099,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.4323},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":165.4715},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.283,"elongation":12.726},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.283,"opposition_distance":167.274}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"coimbatore","name":"Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.0168,"lon":76.9558,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"coimbatore","name":"Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.0168,"lon":76.9558,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:41","sunsetLocal":"18:11","solarNoonLocal":"12:26","dayLengthHours":11.491474771097106,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 29 Mins 29 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 30 Mins 31 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:35","moonsetLocal":"19:06","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:26","end":"13:52","startHours":12.431366305389933,"endHours":13.86780065177707,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:07","end":"09:34","startHours":8.122063266228519,"endHours":9.558497612615657,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:00","end":"12:26","startHours":10.994931959002795,"endHours":12.431366305389933,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:22","end":"09:45","startHours":9.366973033097372,"endHours":9.750022192133942,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:10","end":"07:28","startHours":7.164440368637093,"endHours":7.4708796958663495,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:03","end":"12:49","startHours":12.048317146353364,"endHours":12.814415464426505,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:09","end":"05:55","startHours":5.1534322836951,"endHours":5.91953060176824,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:44","end":"06:41","startHours":5.7280060222499545,"endHours":6.68562891984138,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:21","end":"15:07","startHours":14.346612100572784,"endHours":15.112710418645925,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:59","end":"18:23","startHours":17.97710369093849,"endHours":18.377103690938487,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:11","end":"18:39","startHours":18.177103690938488,"endHours":18.6559151397342,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:56","end":"19:41","startHours":17.927103690938488,"endHours":19.677103690938488,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:03","end":"00:49","startHours":24.048317146353366,"endHours":24.814415464426506,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:41","end":"08:07","startHours":6.68562891984138,"endHours":8.122063266228519,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:07","end":"09:34","startHours":8.122063266228519,"endHours":9.558497612615657,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:34","end":"11:00","startHours":9.558497612615657,"endHours":10.994931959002795,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:00","end":"12:26","startHours":10.994931959002795,"endHours":12.431366305389933,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:26","end":"13:52","startHours":12.431366305389933,"endHours":13.86780065177707,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:52","end":"15:18","startHours":13.86780065177707,"endHours":15.304234998164212,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:18","end":"16:44","startHours":15.304234998164212,"endHours":16.74066934455135,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:44","end":"18:11","startHours":16.74066934455135,"endHours":18.177103690938488,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:11","end":"19:44","startHours":18.177103690938488,"endHours":19.74066934455135,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:44","end":"21:18","startHours":19.74066934455135,"endHours":21.304234998164212,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:18","end":"22:52","startHours":21.304234998164212,"endHours":22.867800651777074,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:52","end":"00:26","startHours":22.867800651777074,"endHours":24.431366305389936,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:26","end":"02:00","startHours":24.431366305389936,"endHours":25.9949319590028,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:00","end":"03:34","startHours":25.9949319590028,"endHours":27.558497612615657,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:34","end":"05:07","startHours":27.558497612615657,"endHours":29.12206326622852,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:07","end":"06:41","startHours":29.12206326622852,"endHours":30.68562891984138,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:41","end":"07:41","startHours":6.68562891984138,"endHours":7.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:41","end":"08:41","startHours":7.68562891984138,"endHours":8.685628919841381,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:41","end":"09:41","startHours":8.685628919841381,"endHours":9.685628919841381,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:41","end":"10:41","startHours":9.685628919841381,"endHours":10.685628919841381,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:41","end":"11:41","startHours":10.685628919841381,"endHours":11.685628919841381,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:41","end":"12:41","startHours":11.685628919841381,"endHours":12.685628919841381,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:41","end":"13:41","startHours":12.685628919841381,"endHours":13.685628919841381,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:41","end":"14:41","startHours":13.685628919841381,"endHours":14.685628919841381,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:41","end":"15:41","startHours":14.685628919841381,"endHours":15.685628919841381,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:41","end":"16:41","startHours":15.685628919841381,"endHours":16.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:41","end":"17:41","startHours":16.68562891984138,"endHours":17.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:41","end":"18:41","startHours":17.68562891984138,"endHours":18.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:41","end":"19:41","startHours":18.68562891984138,"endHours":19.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:41","end":"20:41","startHours":19.68562891984138,"endHours":20.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:41","end":"21:41","startHours":20.68562891984138,"endHours":21.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:41","end":"22:41","startHours":21.68562891984138,"endHours":22.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:41","end":"23:41","startHours":22.68562891984138,"endHours":23.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:41","end":"00:41","startHours":23.68562891984138,"endHours":24.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:41","end":"01:41","startHours":24.68562891984138,"endHours":25.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:41","end":"02:41","startHours":25.68562891984138,"endHours":26.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:41","end":"03:41","startHours":26.68562891984138,"endHours":27.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:41","end":"04:41","startHours":27.68562891984138,"endHours":28.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:41","end":"05:41","startHours":28.68562891984138,"endHours":29.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:41","end":"06:41","startHours":29.68562891984138,"endHours":30.68562891984138,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-22.991787207427947,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":24.2023}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"coimbatore"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 2025 CE · Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 2025 CE for Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:41, sūryāsta 18:11.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/coimbatore/2025-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/coimbatore/2025-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/coimbatore/2025-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/coimbatore/2025-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/coimbatore/2025-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T18:25:14.832Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T18:25:14.832Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T18:25:14.832Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}