{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:chicago:2029-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2029-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2029-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2029 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2029,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462348.770833,"kali_year":5131,"ahargana":1873883.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.2769,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":348.9088,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":245.6319,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.6319},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":348.9088,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.2421},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":92.1857},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":40,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2029,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462348.770833,"ahargana":1873883.2708,"kali_year":5131,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2662,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.87742700000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":347.293727,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4731},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":180.907327,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":123.80192699999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":176.38642700000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":136.72502699999995,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":29.486426999999992,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":252.6466,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":72.6466,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2029,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462348.770833,"kali_year":5131,"ahargana":1873883.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.2769,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":348.9088,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":245.6319,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.6319},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":348.9088,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.2421},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":92.1857},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":40,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.473,"elongation":114.368},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.473,"opposition_distance":65.632}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:43","sunsetLocal":"19:10","solarNoonLocal":"11:57","dayLengthHours":14.454709895733401,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 27 Mins 17 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 32 Mins 43 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:51","moonsetLocal":"10:30","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:33","end":"17:22","startHours":15.556853715805865,"endHours":17.36369245277254,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:20","end":"10:08","startHours":8.329498767939164,"endHours":10.136337504905839,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:57","end":"13:45","startHours":11.943176241872514,"endHours":13.75001497883919,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:05","end":"08:34","startHours":8.088586936343608,"endHours":8.570410599534721,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:19","end":"05:42","startHours":5.318100872994706,"endHours":5.703559803547597,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:28","end":"12:25","startHours":11.461352578681401,"endHours":12.424999905063627,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"02:47","end":"03:45","startHours":2.788526641241361,"endHours":3.7521739676235875,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:31","end":"04:43","startHours":3.511262136028031,"endHours":4.715821294005814,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:21","end":"15:19","startHours":14.352294557828081,"endHours":15.315941884210307,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:58","end":"19:22","startHours":18.970531189739216,"endHours":19.370531189739214,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:10","end":"19:46","startHours":19.170531189739215,"endHours":19.772810768728107,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:55","end":"20:40","startHours":18.920531189739215,"endHours":20.670531189739215,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:28","end":"00:25","startHours":23.4613525786814,"endHours":24.42499990506363,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"04:43","end":"06:31","startHours":4.715821294005814,"endHours":6.52266003097249,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:31","end":"08:20","startHours":6.52266003097249,"endHours":8.329498767939164,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:20","end":"10:08","startHours":8.329498767939164,"endHours":10.136337504905839,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:08","end":"11:57","startHours":10.136337504905839,"endHours":11.943176241872514,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:57","end":"13:45","startHours":11.943176241872514,"endHours":13.75001497883919,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:45","end":"15:33","startHours":13.75001497883919,"endHours":15.556853715805865,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:33","end":"17:22","startHours":15.556853715805865,"endHours":17.36369245277254,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:22","end":"19:10","startHours":17.36369245277254,"endHours":19.170531189739215,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:10","end":"20:22","startHours":19.170531189739215,"endHours":20.36369245277254,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:22","end":"21:33","startHours":20.36369245277254,"endHours":21.556853715805865,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:33","end":"22:45","startHours":21.556853715805865,"endHours":22.75001497883919,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:45","end":"23:57","startHours":22.75001497883919,"endHours":23.943176241872514,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:57","end":"01:08","startHours":23.943176241872514,"endHours":25.13633750490584,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:08","end":"02:20","startHours":25.13633750490584,"endHours":26.329498767939164,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:20","end":"03:31","startHours":26.329498767939164,"endHours":27.52266003097249,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:31","end":"04:43","startHours":27.52266003097249,"endHours":28.715821294005814,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:43","end":"05:43","startHours":4.715821294005814,"endHours":5.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:43","end":"06:43","startHours":5.715821294005814,"endHours":6.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:43","end":"07:43","startHours":6.715821294005814,"endHours":7.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:43","end":"08:43","startHours":7.715821294005814,"endHours":8.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:43","end":"09:43","startHours":8.715821294005814,"endHours":9.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:43","end":"10:43","startHours":9.715821294005814,"endHours":10.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:43","end":"11:43","startHours":10.715821294005814,"endHours":11.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:43","end":"12:43","startHours":11.715821294005814,"endHours":12.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:43","end":"13:43","startHours":12.715821294005814,"endHours":13.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:43","end":"14:43","startHours":13.715821294005814,"endHours":14.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:43","end":"15:43","startHours":14.715821294005814,"endHours":15.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:43","end":"16:43","startHours":15.715821294005814,"endHours":16.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:43","end":"17:43","startHours":16.715821294005814,"endHours":17.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:43","end":"18:43","startHours":17.715821294005814,"endHours":18.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:43","end":"19:43","startHours":18.715821294005814,"endHours":19.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:43","end":"20:43","startHours":19.715821294005814,"endHours":20.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:43","end":"21:43","startHours":20.715821294005814,"endHours":21.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:43","end":"22:43","startHours":21.715821294005814,"endHours":22.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:43","end":"23:43","startHours":22.715821294005814,"endHours":23.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:43","end":"00:43","startHours":23.715821294005814,"endHours":24.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:43","end":"01:43","startHours":24.715821294005814,"endHours":25.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:43","end":"02:43","startHours":25.715821294005814,"endHours":26.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:43","end":"03:43","startHours":26.715821294005814,"endHours":27.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:43","end":"04:43","startHours":27.715821294005814,"endHours":28.715821294005814,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.22821230975958,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":24.2662}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2086,"vikram_samvatsara":"Dundubhi","saka_samvat":1951,"saka_samvatsara":"Saumya","bengali_samvat":1436,"malayalam_era":1205,"nanakshahi_year":560,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2086 Dundubhi · Śaka 1951 Saumya"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"chicago"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2029 CE · Chicago, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 2029 CE for Chicago, USA: Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 04:43, sūryāsta 19:10.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2029-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2029-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2029-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2029-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2029-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T19:53:17.546Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T19:53:17.546Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T19:53:17.546Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}