{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:chicago:2018-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2018-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2018-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2018 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458327.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1869862.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.2811,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":283.517,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":183.2358,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.2358},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2,"moon_longitude":283.517,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.517},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":23.7981},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":30,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2018,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458327.770833,"ahargana":1869862.2708,"kali_year":5120,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1124,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.83635900000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":282.868659,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.1711},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":279.5528589999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":119.02515900000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":199.569659,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":145.25845900000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":249.552959,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":105.6985,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":285.6985,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458327.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1869862.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.2811,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":283.517,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":183.2358,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.2358},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2,"moon_longitude":283.517,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.517},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":23.7981},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":30,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.171,"elongation":176.764},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.171,"opposition_distance":3.236}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:40","sunsetLocal":"19:14","solarNoonLocal":"11:57","dayLengthHours":14.567792609687096,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 34 Mins 04 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 25 Mins 56 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:11","moonsetLocal":"04:58","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:18","end":"10:07","startHours":8.302877725518245,"endHours":10.123851801729131,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:46","end":"15:35","startHours":13.765799954150907,"endHours":15.586774030361793,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"04:40","end":"06:29","startHours":4.660929573096471,"endHours":6.481903649307358,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:04","end":"08:33","startHours":8.06008118202346,"endHours":8.54567426901303,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:16","end":"05:39","startHours":5.267920931833434,"endHours":5.6563954014250895,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:28","end":"12:26","startHours":11.45923279095045,"endHours":12.430418964929588,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"02:43","end":"03:41","startHours":2.7185572251381913,"endHours":3.689743399117331,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:27","end":"04:40","startHours":3.4469468556225467,"endHours":4.660929573096471,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:22","end":"15:21","startHours":14.372791312887868,"endHours":15.343977486867008,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:02","end":"19:26","startHours":19.028722182783568,"endHours":19.428722182783567,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:14","end":"19:50","startHours":19.228722182783567,"endHours":19.83571354152053,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:59","end":"20:44","startHours":18.978722182783567,"endHours":20.728722182783567,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:28","end":"00:26","startHours":23.45923279095045,"endHours":24.43041896492959,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:40","end":"06:29","startHours":4.660929573096471,"endHours":6.481903649307358,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:29","end":"08:18","startHours":6.481903649307358,"endHours":8.302877725518245,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:18","end":"10:07","startHours":8.302877725518245,"endHours":10.123851801729131,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:07","end":"11:57","startHours":10.123851801729131,"endHours":11.94482587794002,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:57","end":"13:46","startHours":11.94482587794002,"endHours":13.765799954150907,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:46","end":"15:35","startHours":13.765799954150907,"endHours":15.586774030361793,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:35","end":"17:24","startHours":15.586774030361793,"endHours":17.40774810657268,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:24","end":"19:14","startHours":17.40774810657268,"endHours":19.228722182783567,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:14","end":"20:24","startHours":19.228722182783567,"endHours":20.40774810657268,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:24","end":"21:35","startHours":20.40774810657268,"endHours":21.586774030361795,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:35","end":"22:46","startHours":21.586774030361795,"endHours":22.765799954150907,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:46","end":"23:57","startHours":22.765799954150907,"endHours":23.94482587794002,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:57","end":"01:07","startHours":23.94482587794002,"endHours":25.12385180172913,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:07","end":"02:18","startHours":25.12385180172913,"endHours":26.302877725518243,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:18","end":"03:29","startHours":26.302877725518243,"endHours":27.48190364930736,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:29","end":"04:40","startHours":27.48190364930736,"endHours":28.66092957309647,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:40","end":"05:40","startHours":4.660929573096471,"endHours":5.660929573096471,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:40","end":"06:40","startHours":5.660929573096471,"endHours":6.660929573096471,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:40","end":"07:40","startHours":6.660929573096471,"endHours":7.660929573096471,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:40","end":"08:40","startHours":7.660929573096471,"endHours":8.660929573096471,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:40","end":"09:40","startHours":8.660929573096471,"endHours":9.660929573096471,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:40","end":"10:40","startHours":9.660929573096471,"endHours":10.660929573096471,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:40","end":"11:40","startHours":10.660929573096471,"endHours":11.660929573096471,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:40","end":"12:40","startHours":11.660929573096471,"endHours":12.660929573096471,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:40","end":"13:40","startHours":12.660929573096471,"endHours":13.660929573096471,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:40","end":"14:40","startHours":13.660929573096471,"endHours":14.660929573096471,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:40","end":"15:40","startHours":14.660929573096471,"endHours":15.660929573096471,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:40","end":"16:40","startHours":15.660929573096471,"endHours":16.66092957309647,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:40","end":"17:40","startHours":16.66092957309647,"endHours":17.66092957309647,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:40","end":"18:40","startHours":17.66092957309647,"endHours":18.66092957309647,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:40","end":"19:40","startHours":18.66092957309647,"endHours":19.66092957309647,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:40","end":"20:40","startHours":19.66092957309647,"endHours":20.66092957309647,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:40","end":"21:40","startHours":20.66092957309647,"endHours":21.66092957309647,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:40","end":"22:40","startHours":21.66092957309647,"endHours":22.66092957309647,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:40","end":"23:40","startHours":22.66092957309647,"endHours":23.66092957309647,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:40","end":"00:40","startHours":23.66092957309647,"endHours":24.66092957309647,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:40","end":"01:40","startHours":24.66092957309647,"endHours":25.66092957309647,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:40","end":"02:40","startHours":25.66092957309647,"endHours":26.66092957309647,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:40","end":"03:40","startHours":26.66092957309647,"endHours":27.66092957309647,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:40","end":"04:40","startHours":27.66092957309647,"endHours":28.66092957309647,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāṇa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.026610118076793,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":24.1124}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2075,"vikram_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","saka_samvat":1940,"saka_samvatsara":"Vilambī","bengali_samvat":1425,"malayalam_era":1194,"nanakshahi_year":549,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram 2075 Virodhakṛt · Śaka 1940 Vilambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"chicago"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2018 CE · Chicago, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2018 CE for Chicago, USA: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 04:40, sūryāsta 19:14.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2018-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2018-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2018-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2018-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2018-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T08:21:24.278Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T08:21:24.278Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T08:21:24.278Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}