{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:chicago:2016-09-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-09-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-09-28","date_display":"September 28, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457659.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869194.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.4806,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":126.3201,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":325.8395,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.8395},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":126.3201,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.3201},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":286.8007},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457659.770833,"ahargana":1869194.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0869,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":161.26538099999993,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":127.71468100000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.1463},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":246.211681,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":143.283281,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":159.34288100000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":191.08058099999994,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":227.12818100000004,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":141.0923,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":321.0923,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457659.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869194.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.4806,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":126.3201,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":325.8395,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.8395},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":126.3201,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.3201},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":286.8007},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.146,"elongation":34.16},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.146,"opposition_distance":145.84}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-11,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.783,"opposition_distance":1.976}]},"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:43","sunsetLocal":"17:37","solarNoonLocal":"11:40","dayLengthHours":11.89498218968536,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 53 Mins 42 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 06 Mins 18 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:43","moonsetLocal":"16:09","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:40","end":"13:10","startHours":11.672306841536379,"endHours":13.159179615247048,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:13","end":"08:42","startHours":7.211688520404368,"endHours":8.698561294115038,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:11","end":"11:40","startHours":10.185434067825708,"endHours":11.672306841536379,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:30","end":"08:54","startHours":8.500311590953615,"endHours":8.89681099727646,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:13","end":"06:32","startHours":6.220440004597255,"endHours":6.537639529655531,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:17","end":"12:04","startHours":11.275807435213533,"endHours":12.068806247859225,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:08","end":"04:56","startHours":4.138818121402317,"endHours":4.931816934048008,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:44","end":"05:43","startHours":4.733567230886585,"endHours":5.724815746693698,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:39","end":"14:27","startHours":13.654803873150605,"endHours":14.447802685796296,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:25","end":"17:49","startHours":17.41979793637906,"endHours":17.819797936379057,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:37","end":"18:07","startHours":17.619797936379058,"endHours":18.115422194282615,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:22","end":"19:07","startHours":17.369797936379058,"endHours":19.119797936379058,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:17","end":"00:04","startHours":23.275807435213533,"endHours":24.068806247859225,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:43","end":"07:13","startHours":5.724815746693698,"endHours":7.211688520404368,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:13","end":"08:42","startHours":7.211688520404368,"endHours":8.698561294115038,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:42","end":"10:11","startHours":8.698561294115038,"endHours":10.185434067825708,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:11","end":"11:40","startHours":10.185434067825708,"endHours":11.672306841536379,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:40","end":"13:10","startHours":11.672306841536379,"endHours":13.159179615247048,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:10","end":"14:39","startHours":13.159179615247048,"endHours":14.646052388957719,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:39","end":"16:08","startHours":14.646052388957719,"endHours":16.132925162668386,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:08","end":"17:37","startHours":16.132925162668386,"endHours":17.619797936379058,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:37","end":"19:08","startHours":17.619797936379058,"endHours":19.13292516266839,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:08","end":"20:39","startHours":19.13292516266839,"endHours":20.646052388957717,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:39","end":"22:10","startHours":20.646052388957717,"endHours":22.159179615247048,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:10","end":"23:40","startHours":22.159179615247048,"endHours":23.67230684153638,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:40","end":"01:11","startHours":23.67230684153638,"endHours":25.18543406782571,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:11","end":"02:42","startHours":25.18543406782571,"endHours":26.698561294115038,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:42","end":"04:13","startHours":26.698561294115038,"endHours":28.21168852040437,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:13","end":"05:43","startHours":28.21168852040437,"endHours":29.7248157466937,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:43","end":"06:43","startHours":5.724815746693698,"endHours":6.724815746693698,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:43","end":"07:43","startHours":6.724815746693698,"endHours":7.724815746693698,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:43","end":"08:43","startHours":7.724815746693698,"endHours":8.724815746693698,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:43","end":"09:43","startHours":8.724815746693698,"endHours":9.724815746693698,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:43","end":"10:43","startHours":9.724815746693698,"endHours":10.724815746693698,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:43","end":"11:43","startHours":10.724815746693698,"endHours":11.724815746693698,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:43","end":"12:43","startHours":11.724815746693698,"endHours":12.724815746693698,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:43","end":"13:43","startHours":12.724815746693698,"endHours":13.724815746693698,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:43","end":"14:43","startHours":13.724815746693698,"endHours":14.724815746693698,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:43","end":"15:43","startHours":14.724815746693698,"endHours":15.724815746693698,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:43","end":"16:43","startHours":15.724815746693698,"endHours":16.7248157466937,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:43","end":"17:43","startHours":16.7248157466937,"endHours":17.7248157466937,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:43","end":"18:43","startHours":17.7248157466937,"endHours":18.7248157466937,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:43","end":"19:43","startHours":18.7248157466937,"endHours":19.7248157466937,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:43","end":"20:43","startHours":19.7248157466937,"endHours":20.7248157466937,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:43","end":"21:43","startHours":20.7248157466937,"endHours":21.7248157466937,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:43","end":"22:43","startHours":21.7248157466937,"endHours":22.7248157466937,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:43","end":"23:43","startHours":22.7248157466937,"endHours":23.7248157466937,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:43","end":"00:43","startHours":23.7248157466937,"endHours":24.7248157466937,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:43","end":"01:43","startHours":24.7248157466937,"endHours":25.7248157466937,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:43","end":"02:43","startHours":25.7248157466937,"endHours":26.7248157466937,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:43","end":"03:43","startHours":26.7248157466937,"endHours":27.7248157466937,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:43","end":"04:43","startHours":27.7248157466937,"endHours":28.7248157466937,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:43","end":"05:43","startHours":28.7248157466937,"endHours":29.7248157466937,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mausala","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-2.1261691128711506,"eotMinutes":10.180789507817288,"ayanamsa":24.0869}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"chicago"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 28, 2016 CE · Chicago, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 28, 2016 CE for Chicago, USA: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:43, sūryāsta 17:37.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-09-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-09-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-09-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-09-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-09-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T14:54:16.507Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T14:54:16.507Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T14:54:16.507Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}