{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:chicago:2016-04-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-04-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-04-23","date_display":"April 23, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":4,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457501.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869036.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":9.3028,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":199.9115,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":190.6087,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.6087},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":199.9115,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.2448},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":209.2142},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":4,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457501.770833,"ahargana":1869036.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0808,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":9.24361799999997,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":198.13181799999995,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.4682},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":224.41431799999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":27.965217999999993,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":138.90961800000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":357.125318,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":231.46651799999995,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":149.4639,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":329.4639,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":4,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457501.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869036.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":9.3028,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":199.9115,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":190.6087,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.6087},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":199.9115,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.2448},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":209.2142},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.468,"elongation":169.391},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.468,"opposition_distance":10.609}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:58","sunsetLocal":"18:40","solarNoonLocal":"11:49","dayLengthHours":13.700517838473928,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 42 Mins 02 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 17 Mins 58 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:19","moonsetLocal":"05:30","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:23","end":"10:06","startHours":8.390147394637943,"endHours":10.102712124447184,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:32","end":"15:14","startHours":13.527841584065666,"endHours":15.240406313874907,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"04:58","end":"06:41","startHours":4.965017935019461,"endHours":6.677582664828702,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:10","end":"08:37","startHours":8.161805430663378,"endHours":8.618489358612509,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:32","end":"05:54","startHours":5.535872844955875,"endHours":5.90121998731518,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:22","end":"12:16","startHours":11.358592926307294,"endHours":12.271960782205555,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:08","end":"04:03","startHours":3.1382822232229377,"endHours":4.0516500791212,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:49","end":"04:58","startHours":3.8233081151466344,"endHours":4.965017935019461,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:06","end":"15:01","startHours":14.09869649400208,"endHours":15.012064349900342,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:28","end":"18:52","startHours":18.46553577349339,"endHours":18.865535773493388,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:40","end":"19:14","startHours":18.66553577349339,"endHours":19.236390683429804,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:25","end":"20:10","startHours":18.41553577349339,"endHours":20.16553577349339,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:22","end":"00:16","startHours":23.358592926307292,"endHours":24.271960782205557,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:58","end":"06:41","startHours":4.965017935019461,"endHours":6.677582664828702,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:41","end":"08:23","startHours":6.677582664828702,"endHours":8.390147394637943,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:23","end":"10:06","startHours":8.390147394637943,"endHours":10.102712124447184,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:06","end":"11:49","startHours":10.102712124447184,"endHours":11.815276854256425,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:49","end":"13:32","startHours":11.815276854256425,"endHours":13.527841584065666,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:32","end":"15:14","startHours":13.527841584065666,"endHours":15.240406313874907,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:14","end":"16:57","startHours":15.240406313874907,"endHours":16.952971043684148,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:57","end":"18:40","startHours":16.952971043684148,"endHours":18.66553577349339,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:40","end":"19:57","startHours":18.66553577349339,"endHours":19.952971043684148,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:57","end":"21:14","startHours":19.952971043684148,"endHours":21.240406313874907,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:14","end":"22:32","startHours":21.240406313874907,"endHours":22.527841584065666,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:32","end":"23:49","startHours":22.527841584065666,"endHours":23.815276854256425,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:49","end":"01:06","startHours":23.815276854256425,"endHours":25.102712124447184,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:06","end":"02:23","startHours":25.102712124447184,"endHours":26.390147394637943,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:23","end":"03:41","startHours":26.390147394637943,"endHours":27.6775826648287,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:41","end":"04:58","startHours":27.6775826648287,"endHours":28.96501793501946,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:58","end":"05:58","startHours":4.965017935019461,"endHours":5.965017935019461,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:58","end":"06:58","startHours":5.965017935019461,"endHours":6.965017935019461,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:58","end":"07:58","startHours":6.965017935019461,"endHours":7.965017935019461,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:58","end":"08:58","startHours":7.965017935019461,"endHours":8.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:58","end":"09:58","startHours":8.96501793501946,"endHours":9.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:58","end":"10:58","startHours":9.96501793501946,"endHours":10.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:58","end":"11:58","startHours":10.96501793501946,"endHours":11.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:58","end":"12:58","startHours":11.96501793501946,"endHours":12.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:58","end":"13:58","startHours":12.96501793501946,"endHours":13.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:58","end":"14:58","startHours":13.96501793501946,"endHours":14.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:58","end":"15:58","startHours":14.96501793501946,"endHours":15.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:58","end":"16:58","startHours":15.96501793501946,"endHours":16.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:58","end":"17:58","startHours":16.96501793501946,"endHours":17.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:58","end":"18:58","startHours":17.96501793501946,"endHours":18.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:58","end":"19:58","startHours":18.96501793501946,"endHours":19.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:58","end":"20:58","startHours":19.96501793501946,"endHours":20.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:58","end":"21:58","startHours":20.96501793501946,"endHours":21.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:58","end":"22:58","startHours":21.96501793501946,"endHours":22.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:58","end":"23:58","startHours":22.96501793501946,"endHours":23.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:58","end":"00:58","startHours":23.96501793501946,"endHours":24.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:58","end":"01:58","startHours":24.96501793501946,"endHours":25.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:58","end":"02:58","startHours":25.96501793501946,"endHours":26.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:58","end":"03:58","startHours":26.96501793501946,"endHours":27.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:58","end":"04:58","startHours":27.96501793501946,"endHours":28.96501793501946,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":12.621289469112838,"eotMinutes":1.6025887446145586,"ayanamsa":24.0808}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"chicago"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 23, 2016 CE · Chicago, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 23, 2016 CE for Chicago, USA: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 04:58, sūryāsta 18:40.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-04-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-04-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-04-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-04-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-04-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T10:54:15.569Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T10:54:15.569Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-03T10:54:15.569Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}