{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:chicago:2016-01-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-01-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-01-16","date_display":"January 16, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457403.770833,"kali_year":5117,"ahargana":1868938.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.0983,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":347.8822,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":76.7839,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.7839},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":347.8822,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.2155},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":258.9804},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457403.770833,"ahargana":1868938.2708,"kali_year":5117,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0771,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.245762,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":348.950062,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.0285},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":192.42816200000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":267.564762,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":148.33486200000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":236.09536200000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":228.39996199999996,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":154.6565,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":334.6565,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457403.770833,"kali_year":5117,"ahargana":1868938.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.0983,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":347.8822,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":76.7839,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.7839},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":347.8822,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.2155},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":258.9804},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.029,"elongation":76.784},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.029,"opposition_distance":103.216}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:16","sunsetLocal":"16:44","solarNoonLocal":"12:00","dayLengthHours":9.475318917615825,"dayLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 28 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 31 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:49","moonsetLocal":"23:33","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:38","end":"10:49","startHours":9.634705296292337,"endHours":10.819120160994316,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:11","end":"14:22","startHours":13.187949890398272,"endHours":14.37236475510025,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:16","end":"08:27","startHours":7.265875566888381,"endHours":8.450290431590359,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:29","end":"09:48","startHours":9.476783314332074,"endHours":9.792627278252601,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:40","end":"07:55","startHours":7.660680521789041,"endHours":7.913355692925463,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:41","end":"12:19","startHours":11.687691061775766,"endHours":12.319378989616823,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"06:00","end":"06:38","startHours":6.002499711206271,"endHours":6.634187639047326,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:29","end":"07:16","startHours":6.476265657087062,"endHours":7.265875566888381,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:35","end":"14:13","startHours":13.58275484529893,"endHours":14.214442773139986,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:32","end":"16:56","startHours":16.541194484504206,"endHours":16.941194484504205,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"16:44","end":"17:08","startHours":16.741194484504206,"endHours":17.135999439404866,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:29","end":"18:14","startHours":16.491194484504206,"endHours":18.241194484504206,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:41","end":"00:19","startHours":23.687691061775766,"endHours":24.319378989616823,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:16","end":"08:27","startHours":7.265875566888381,"endHours":8.450290431590359,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:27","end":"09:38","startHours":8.450290431590359,"endHours":9.634705296292337,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:38","end":"10:49","startHours":9.634705296292337,"endHours":10.819120160994316,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:49","end":"12:00","startHours":10.819120160994316,"endHours":12.003535025696294,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:00","end":"13:11","startHours":12.003535025696294,"endHours":13.187949890398272,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:11","end":"14:22","startHours":13.187949890398272,"endHours":14.37236475510025,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:22","end":"15:33","startHours":14.37236475510025,"endHours":15.556779619802228,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:33","end":"16:44","startHours":15.556779619802228,"endHours":16.741194484504206,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"16:44","end":"18:33","startHours":16.741194484504206,"endHours":18.556779619802228,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:33","end":"20:22","startHours":18.556779619802228,"endHours":20.37236475510025,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:22","end":"22:11","startHours":20.37236475510025,"endHours":22.187949890398272,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:11","end":"00:00","startHours":22.187949890398272,"endHours":24.003535025696294,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:00","end":"01:49","startHours":24.003535025696294,"endHours":25.819120160994316,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:49","end":"03:38","startHours":25.819120160994316,"endHours":27.63470529629234,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:38","end":"05:27","startHours":27.63470529629234,"endHours":29.45029043159036,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:27","end":"07:16","startHours":29.45029043159036,"endHours":31.265875566888383,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:16","end":"08:16","startHours":7.265875566888381,"endHours":8.265875566888381,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:16","end":"09:16","startHours":8.265875566888381,"endHours":9.265875566888381,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:16","end":"10:16","startHours":9.265875566888381,"endHours":10.265875566888381,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:16","end":"11:16","startHours":10.265875566888381,"endHours":11.265875566888381,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:16","end":"12:16","startHours":11.265875566888381,"endHours":12.265875566888381,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:16","end":"13:16","startHours":12.265875566888381,"endHours":13.265875566888381,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:16","end":"14:16","startHours":13.265875566888381,"endHours":14.265875566888381,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:16","end":"15:16","startHours":14.265875566888381,"endHours":15.265875566888381,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:16","end":"16:16","startHours":15.265875566888381,"endHours":16.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:16","end":"17:16","startHours":16.265875566888383,"endHours":17.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:16","end":"18:16","startHours":17.265875566888383,"endHours":18.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:16","end":"19:16","startHours":18.265875566888383,"endHours":19.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:16","end":"20:16","startHours":19.265875566888383,"endHours":20.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:16","end":"21:16","startHours":20.265875566888383,"endHours":21.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:16","end":"22:16","startHours":21.265875566888383,"endHours":22.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:16","end":"23:16","startHours":22.265875566888383,"endHours":23.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:16","end":"00:16","startHours":23.265875566888383,"endHours":24.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:16","end":"01:16","startHours":24.265875566888383,"endHours":25.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:16","end":"02:16","startHours":25.265875566888383,"endHours":26.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:16","end":"03:16","startHours":26.265875566888383,"endHours":27.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:16","end":"04:16","startHours":27.265875566888383,"endHours":28.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:16","end":"05:16","startHours":28.265875566888383,"endHours":29.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:16","end":"06:16","startHours":29.265875566888383,"endHours":30.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:16","end":"07:16","startHours":30.265875566888383,"endHours":31.265875566888383,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-21.070421266325038,"eotMinutes":-9.692901541777706,"ayanamsa":24.0771}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"chicago"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 16, 2016 CE · Chicago, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 16, 2016 CE for Chicago, USA: Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 07:16, sūryāsta 16:44.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-01-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-01-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-01-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-01-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2016-01-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T03:13:14.698Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T03:13:14.698Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T03:13:14.698Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}