{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:chicago:2013-09-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2013-09-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2013-09-28","date_display":"September 28, 2013 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456563.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1868098.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.2611,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":80.1633,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":279.9021,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.9021},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":80.1633,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.1633},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":240.4244},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":46,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2013,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456563.770833,"ahargana":1868098.2708,"kali_year":5115,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0449,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":161.03875600000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":80.51155599999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.9348},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":115.226856,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":183.859056,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":83.382856,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":204.96675600000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":195.384456,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":199.1637,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":19.1637,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456563.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1868098.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.2611,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":80.1633,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":279.9021,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.9021},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":80.1633,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.1633},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":240.4244},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":46,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.935,"elongation":80.098},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.935,"opposition_distance":99.902}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:43","sunsetLocal":"17:38","solarNoonLocal":"11:40","dayLengthHours":11.907717169884274,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 54 Mins 28 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 05 Mins 32 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:47","moonsetLocal":"13:50","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:42","end":"10:11","startHours":8.69537754906531,"endHours":10.183842195300844,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:10","end":"14:39","startHours":13.160771487771912,"endHours":14.649236134007447,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:43","end":"07:12","startHours":5.718448256594241,"endHours":7.206912902829775,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:30","end":"08:54","startHours":8.496915596233904,"endHours":8.893839501896714,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:13","end":"06:32","startHours":6.214603138672753,"endHours":6.532142263203,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:17","end":"12:04","startHours":11.27538293587357,"endHours":12.069230747199189,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:08","end":"04:55","startHours":4.130752633943005,"endHours":4.924600445268624,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:44","end":"05:43","startHours":4.726138492437219,"endHours":5.718448256594241,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:39","end":"14:27","startHours":13.656926369850424,"endHours":14.450774181176042,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:26","end":"17:50","startHours":17.426165426478516,"endHours":17.826165426478514,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:38","end":"18:07","startHours":17.626165426478515,"endHours":18.122320308557025,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:23","end":"19:08","startHours":17.376165426478515,"endHours":19.126165426478515,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:17","end":"00:04","startHours":23.27538293587357,"endHours":24.06923074719919,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:43","end":"07:12","startHours":5.718448256594241,"endHours":7.206912902829775,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:12","end":"08:42","startHours":7.206912902829775,"endHours":8.69537754906531,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:42","end":"10:11","startHours":8.69537754906531,"endHours":10.183842195300844,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:11","end":"11:40","startHours":10.183842195300844,"endHours":11.672306841536379,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:40","end":"13:10","startHours":11.672306841536379,"endHours":13.160771487771912,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:10","end":"14:39","startHours":13.160771487771912,"endHours":14.649236134007447,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:39","end":"16:08","startHours":14.649236134007447,"endHours":16.13770078024298,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:08","end":"17:38","startHours":16.13770078024298,"endHours":17.626165426478515,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:38","end":"19:08","startHours":17.626165426478515,"endHours":19.13770078024298,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:08","end":"20:39","startHours":19.13770078024298,"endHours":20.649236134007445,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:39","end":"22:10","startHours":20.649236134007445,"endHours":22.16077148777191,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:10","end":"23:40","startHours":22.16077148777191,"endHours":23.67230684153638,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:40","end":"01:11","startHours":23.67230684153638,"endHours":25.183842195300844,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:11","end":"02:42","startHours":25.183842195300844,"endHours":26.69537754906531,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:42","end":"04:12","startHours":26.69537754906531,"endHours":28.206912902829778,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:12","end":"05:43","startHours":28.206912902829778,"endHours":29.718448256594243,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:43","end":"06:43","startHours":5.718448256594241,"endHours":6.718448256594241,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:43","end":"07:43","startHours":6.718448256594241,"endHours":7.718448256594241,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:43","end":"08:43","startHours":7.718448256594241,"endHours":8.718448256594241,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:43","end":"09:43","startHours":8.718448256594241,"endHours":9.718448256594241,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:43","end":"10:43","startHours":9.718448256594241,"endHours":10.718448256594241,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:43","end":"11:43","startHours":10.718448256594241,"endHours":11.718448256594241,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:43","end":"12:43","startHours":11.718448256594241,"endHours":12.718448256594241,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:43","end":"13:43","startHours":12.718448256594241,"endHours":13.718448256594241,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:43","end":"14:43","startHours":13.718448256594241,"endHours":14.718448256594241,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:43","end":"15:43","startHours":14.718448256594241,"endHours":15.718448256594241,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:43","end":"16:43","startHours":15.718448256594241,"endHours":16.718448256594243,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:43","end":"17:43","startHours":16.718448256594243,"endHours":17.718448256594243,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:43","end":"18:43","startHours":17.718448256594243,"endHours":18.718448256594243,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:43","end":"19:43","startHours":18.718448256594243,"endHours":19.718448256594243,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:43","end":"20:43","startHours":19.718448256594243,"endHours":20.718448256594243,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:43","end":"21:43","startHours":20.718448256594243,"endHours":21.718448256594243,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:43","end":"22:43","startHours":21.718448256594243,"endHours":22.718448256594243,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:43","end":"23:43","startHours":22.718448256594243,"endHours":23.718448256594243,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:43","end":"00:43","startHours":23.718448256594243,"endHours":24.718448256594243,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:43","end":"01:43","startHours":24.718448256594243,"endHours":25.718448256594243,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:43","end":"02:43","startHours":25.718448256594243,"endHours":26.718448256594243,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:43","end":"03:43","startHours":26.718448256594243,"endHours":27.718448256594243,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:43","end":"04:43","startHours":27.718448256594243,"endHours":28.718448256594243,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:43","end":"05:43","startHours":28.718448256594243,"endHours":29.718448256594243,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-2.019701395744682,"eotMinutes":10.180789507817288,"ayanamsa":24.0449}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2070,"vikram_samvatsara":"Parābhava","saka_samvat":1935,"saka_samvatsara":"Vijaya","bengali_samvat":1420,"malayalam_era":1189,"nanakshahi_year":544,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Navamī · Vikram 2070 Parābhava · Śaka 1935 Vijaya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"chicago"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 28, 2013 CE · Chicago, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 28, 2013 CE for Chicago, USA: Kṛṣṇa Navamī, sūryodaya 05:43, sūryāsta 17:38.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2013-09-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2013-09-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2013-09-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2013-09-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2013-09-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T10:52:48.991Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T10:52:48.991Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T10:52:48.991Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}