{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:chicago:2013-08-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2013-08-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2013-08-31","date_display":"August 31, 2013 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456535.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1868070.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.0519,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":70.6885,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":297.6367,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.6367},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":70.6885,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.0219},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":203.7404},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":49,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2013,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456535.770833,"ahargana":1868070.2708,"kali_year":5115,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0439,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.767626,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":72.56472600000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.4478},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":97.68172600000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":139.418726,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":79.24442599999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":172.72722599999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":192.76982599999997,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":200.6473,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":20.6473,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456535.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1868070.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.0519,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":70.6885,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":297.6367,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.6367},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":70.6885,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.0219},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":203.7404},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":49,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.448,"elongation":62.363},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.448,"opposition_distance":117.637}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:14","sunsetLocal":"18:26","solarNoonLocal":"11:50","dayLengthHours":13.196353866848101,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 11 Mins 47 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 48 Mins 13 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:11","moonsetLocal":"15:20","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:32","end":"10:11","startHours":8.540471707898186,"endHours":10.190015941254199,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:29","end":"15:08","startHours":13.489104407966225,"endHours":15.138648641322238,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:14","end":"06:53","startHours":5.241383241186162,"endHours":6.890927474542174,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:19","end":"08:46","startHours":8.320532476784052,"endHours":8.760410939012322,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:47","end":"06:09","startHours":5.791231318971499,"endHours":6.143134088754115,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:24","end":"12:17","startHours":11.399681712381943,"endHours":12.279438636838483,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:29","end":"04:22","startHours":3.4818693922730812,"endHours":4.361626316729621,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:09","end":"05:14","startHours":4.141687085615486,"endHours":5.241383241186162,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:02","end":"14:55","startHours":14.038952485751562,"endHours":14.918709410208102,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:14","end":"18:38","startHours":18.237737108034263,"endHours":18.637737108034262,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:26","end":"18:59","startHours":18.437737108034263,"endHours":18.9875851858196,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:11","end":"19:56","startHours":18.187737108034263,"endHours":19.937737108034263,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:24","end":"00:17","startHours":23.399681712381945,"endHours":24.27943863683848,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:14","end":"06:53","startHours":5.241383241186162,"endHours":6.890927474542174,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:53","end":"08:32","startHours":6.890927474542174,"endHours":8.540471707898186,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:32","end":"10:11","startHours":8.540471707898186,"endHours":10.190015941254199,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:11","end":"11:50","startHours":10.190015941254199,"endHours":11.839560174610213,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:50","end":"13:29","startHours":11.839560174610213,"endHours":13.489104407966225,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:29","end":"15:08","startHours":13.489104407966225,"endHours":15.138648641322238,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:08","end":"16:47","startHours":15.138648641322238,"endHours":16.788192874678252,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:47","end":"18:26","startHours":16.788192874678252,"endHours":18.437737108034263,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:26","end":"19:47","startHours":18.437737108034263,"endHours":19.78819287467825,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:47","end":"21:08","startHours":19.78819287467825,"endHours":21.138648641322238,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:08","end":"22:29","startHours":21.138648641322238,"endHours":22.489104407966224,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:29","end":"23:50","startHours":22.489104407966224,"endHours":23.839560174610213,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:50","end":"01:11","startHours":23.839560174610213,"endHours":25.1900159412542,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:11","end":"02:32","startHours":25.1900159412542,"endHours":26.540471707898185,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:32","end":"03:53","startHours":26.540471707898185,"endHours":27.890927474542174,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:53","end":"05:14","startHours":27.890927474542174,"endHours":29.241383241186163,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:14","end":"06:14","startHours":5.241383241186162,"endHours":6.241383241186162,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:14","end":"07:14","startHours":6.241383241186162,"endHours":7.241383241186162,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:14","end":"08:14","startHours":7.241383241186162,"endHours":8.241383241186162,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:14","end":"09:14","startHours":8.241383241186162,"endHours":9.241383241186162,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:14","end":"10:14","startHours":9.241383241186162,"endHours":10.241383241186162,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:14","end":"11:14","startHours":10.241383241186162,"endHours":11.241383241186162,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:14","end":"12:14","startHours":11.241383241186162,"endHours":12.241383241186162,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:14","end":"13:14","startHours":12.241383241186162,"endHours":13.241383241186162,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:14","end":"14:14","startHours":13.241383241186162,"endHours":14.241383241186162,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:14","end":"15:14","startHours":14.241383241186162,"endHours":15.241383241186162,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:14","end":"16:14","startHours":15.241383241186162,"endHours":16.241383241186163,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:14","end":"17:14","startHours":16.241383241186163,"endHours":17.241383241186163,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:14","end":"18:14","startHours":17.241383241186163,"endHours":18.241383241186163,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:14","end":"19:14","startHours":18.241383241186163,"endHours":19.241383241186163,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:14","end":"20:14","startHours":19.241383241186163,"endHours":20.241383241186163,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:14","end":"21:14","startHours":20.241383241186163,"endHours":21.241383241186163,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:14","end":"22:14","startHours":21.241383241186163,"endHours":22.241383241186163,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:14","end":"23:14","startHours":22.241383241186163,"endHours":23.241383241186163,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:14","end":"00:14","startHours":23.241383241186163,"endHours":24.241383241186163,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:14","end":"01:14","startHours":24.241383241186163,"endHours":25.241383241186163,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:14","end":"02:14","startHours":25.241383241186163,"endHours":26.241383241186163,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:14","end":"03:14","startHours":26.241383241186163,"endHours":27.241383241186163,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:14","end":"04:14","startHours":27.241383241186163,"endHours":28.241383241186163,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:14","end":"05:14","startHours":28.241383241186163,"endHours":29.241383241186163,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāladaṇḍa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":8.63883366166375,"eotMinutes":0.14558952338733633,"ayanamsa":24.0439}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2070,"vikram_samvatsara":"Parābhava","saka_samvat":1935,"saka_samvatsara":"Vijaya","bengali_samvat":1420,"malayalam_era":1189,"nanakshahi_year":544,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Daśamī · Vikram 2070 Parābhava · Śaka 1935 Vijaya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"chicago"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 31, 2013 CE · Chicago, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 31, 2013 CE for Chicago, USA: Kṛṣṇa Daśamī, sūryodaya 05:14, sūryāsta 18:26.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2013-08-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2013-08-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2013-08-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2013-08-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2013-08-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T08:39:05.253Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T08:39:05.253Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T08:39:05.253Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}