{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:chicago:2000-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2000-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2000-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2000 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451756.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863291.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.7559,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":103.505,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":359.7492,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.7492},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4,"moon_longitude":103.505,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.1717},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":207.2609},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2000,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451756.770833,"ahargana":1863291.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8611,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.28911900000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":103.42001900000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.7531},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":95.43561899999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":85.023619,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":41.895519000000036,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":117.92491899999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":35.443918999999994,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":93.8617,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":273.8617,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451756.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863291.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.7559,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":103.505,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":359.7492,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.7492},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4,"moon_longitude":103.505,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.1717},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":207.2609},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.753,"elongation":0.251},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.753,"opposition_distance":179.749}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":0,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.753,"elongation":0.251}]},"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:43","sunsetLocal":"19:10","solarNoonLocal":"11:57","dayLengthHours":14.454470164622286,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 27 Mins 16 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 32 Mins 44 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:40","moonsetLocal":"19:06","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"06:31","end":"08:20","startHours":6.522749930139158,"endHours":8.329558700716944,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:08","end":"11:57","startHours":10.13636747129473,"endHours":11.943176241872514,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:45","end":"15:33","startHours":13.7499850124503,"endHours":15.556793783028088,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:05","end":"08:34","startHours":8.088650864639906,"endHours":8.570466536793981,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:19","end":"05:42","startHours":5.318210749753967,"endHours":5.703663287477228,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:28","end":"12:25","startHours":11.461360569718439,"endHours":12.42499191402659,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"02:47","end":"03:45","startHours":2.788678470945067,"endHours":3.7523098152532195,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:31","end":"04:43","startHours":3.5114019791761812,"endHours":4.715941159561372,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:21","end":"15:19","startHours":14.352254602642898,"endHours":15.31588594695105,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:58","end":"19:22","startHours":18.970411324183658,"endHours":19.370411324183657,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:10","end":"19:46","startHours":19.170411324183657,"endHours":19.772680914376252,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:55","end":"20:40","startHours":18.920411324183657,"endHours":20.670411324183657,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:28","end":"00:25","startHours":23.461360569718437,"endHours":24.42499191402659,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:43","end":"06:31","startHours":4.715941159561372,"endHours":6.522749930139158,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:31","end":"08:20","startHours":6.522749930139158,"endHours":8.329558700716944,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:20","end":"10:08","startHours":8.329558700716944,"endHours":10.13636747129473,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:08","end":"11:57","startHours":10.13636747129473,"endHours":11.943176241872514,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:57","end":"13:45","startHours":11.943176241872514,"endHours":13.7499850124503,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:45","end":"15:33","startHours":13.7499850124503,"endHours":15.556793783028088,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:33","end":"17:22","startHours":15.556793783028088,"endHours":17.363602553605872,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:22","end":"19:10","startHours":17.363602553605872,"endHours":19.170411324183657,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"19:10","end":"20:22","startHours":19.170411324183657,"endHours":20.363602553605872,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:22","end":"21:33","startHours":20.363602553605872,"endHours":21.556793783028084,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:33","end":"22:45","startHours":21.556793783028084,"endHours":22.7499850124503,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:45","end":"23:57","startHours":22.7499850124503,"endHours":23.943176241872514,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:57","end":"01:08","startHours":23.943176241872514,"endHours":25.13636747129473,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:08","end":"02:20","startHours":25.13636747129473,"endHours":26.329558700716944,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:20","end":"03:31","startHours":26.329558700716944,"endHours":27.522749930139156,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:31","end":"04:43","startHours":27.522749930139156,"endHours":28.71594115956137,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:43","end":"05:43","startHours":4.715941159561372,"endHours":5.715941159561372,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:43","end":"06:43","startHours":5.715941159561372,"endHours":6.715941159561372,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:43","end":"07:43","startHours":6.715941159561372,"endHours":7.715941159561372,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:43","end":"08:43","startHours":7.715941159561372,"endHours":8.715941159561371,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:43","end":"09:43","startHours":8.715941159561371,"endHours":9.715941159561371,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:43","end":"10:43","startHours":9.715941159561371,"endHours":10.715941159561371,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:43","end":"11:43","startHours":10.715941159561371,"endHours":11.715941159561371,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:43","end":"12:43","startHours":11.715941159561371,"endHours":12.715941159561371,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:43","end":"13:43","startHours":12.715941159561371,"endHours":13.715941159561371,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:43","end":"14:43","startHours":13.715941159561371,"endHours":14.715941159561371,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:43","end":"15:43","startHours":14.715941159561371,"endHours":15.715941159561371,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:43","end":"16:43","startHours":15.715941159561371,"endHours":16.71594115956137,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:43","end":"17:43","startHours":16.71594115956137,"endHours":17.71594115956137,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:43","end":"18:43","startHours":17.71594115956137,"endHours":18.71594115956137,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:43","end":"19:43","startHours":18.71594115956137,"endHours":19.71594115956137,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:43","end":"20:43","startHours":19.71594115956137,"endHours":20.71594115956137,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:43","end":"21:43","startHours":20.71594115956137,"endHours":21.71594115956137,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:43","end":"22:43","startHours":21.71594115956137,"endHours":22.71594115956137,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:43","end":"23:43","startHours":22.71594115956137,"endHours":23.71594115956137,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:43","end":"00:43","startHours":23.71594115956137,"endHours":24.71594115956137,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:43","end":"01:43","startHours":24.71594115956137,"endHours":25.71594115956137,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:43","end":"02:43","startHours":25.71594115956137,"endHours":26.71594115956137,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:43","end":"03:43","startHours":26.71594115956137,"endHours":27.71594115956137,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:43","end":"04:43","startHours":27.71594115956137,"endHours":28.71594115956137,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Maitra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.226507290524932,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":23.8611}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2057,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vijaya","saka_samvat":1922,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikrama","bengali_samvat":1407,"malayalam_era":1176,"nanakshahi_year":531,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2057 Vijaya · Śaka 1922 Vikrama"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"chicago"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2000 CE · Chicago, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 2000 CE for Chicago, USA: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 04:43, sūryāsta 19:10.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2000-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2000-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2000-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2000-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2000-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-30T23:18:01.693Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-30T23:18:01.693Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-30T23:18:01.693Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}