{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:chicago:2000-07-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2000-07-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2000-07-01","date_display":"July 1, 2000 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451726.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863261.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.324,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":64.5676,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":349.2435,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.2435},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":64.5676,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.2342},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":139.8916},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2000,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451726.770833,"ahargana":1863261.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.86,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.66126499999996,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":64.72376499999996,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.3081},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":75.79126500000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":84.012065,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":36.264365,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":81.036765,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":32.74836499999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":95.4512,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":275.4512,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451726.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863261.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.324,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":64.5676,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":349.2435,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.2435},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":64.5676,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.2342},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":139.8916},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.308,"elongation":10.756},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.308,"opposition_distance":169.244}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":1,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.266,"elongation":2.772}]},"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:19","sunsetLocal":"19:29","solarNoonLocal":"11:54","dayLengthHours":15.173331769909879,"dayLengthDisplay":"15 Hours 10 Mins 24 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"8 Hours 49 Mins 36 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:35","moonsetLocal":"18:45","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:06","end":"10:00","startHours":8.106525144263713,"endHours":10.003191615502448,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:48","end":"15:42","startHours":13.796524557979918,"endHours":15.693191029218653,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"04:19","end":"06:13","startHours":4.313192201786243,"endHours":6.209858673024978,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"07:51","end":"08:22","startHours":7.853636281431881,"endHours":8.359414007095545,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"04:57","end":"05:21","startHours":4.945414358865821,"endHours":5.3500365393967515,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:24","end":"12:24","startHours":11.39408036107752,"endHours":12.405635812404846,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"02:17","end":"03:18","startHours":2.290081299131592,"endHours":3.3016367504589175,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:03","end":"04:19","startHours":3.048747887627086,"endHours":4.313192201786243,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:26","end":"15:26","startHours":14.428746715059496,"endHours":15.440302166386822,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:17","end":"19:41","startHours":19.286523971696123,"endHours":19.686523971696122,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:29","end":"20:07","startHours":19.486523971696123,"endHours":20.1187461287757,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:14","end":"20:59","startHours":19.236523971696123,"endHours":20.986523971696123,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:24","end":"00:24","startHours":23.39408036107752,"endHours":24.405635812404846,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:19","end":"06:13","startHours":4.313192201786243,"endHours":6.209858673024978,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:13","end":"08:06","startHours":6.209858673024978,"endHours":8.106525144263713,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:06","end":"10:00","startHours":8.106525144263713,"endHours":10.003191615502448,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:00","end":"11:54","startHours":10.003191615502448,"endHours":11.899858086741183,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:54","end":"13:48","startHours":11.899858086741183,"endHours":13.796524557979918,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:48","end":"15:42","startHours":13.796524557979918,"endHours":15.693191029218653,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:42","end":"17:35","startHours":15.693191029218653,"endHours":17.589857500457388,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:35","end":"19:29","startHours":17.589857500457388,"endHours":19.486523971696123,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:29","end":"20:35","startHours":19.486523971696123,"endHours":20.589857500457388,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:35","end":"21:42","startHours":20.589857500457388,"endHours":21.693191029218653,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:42","end":"22:48","startHours":21.693191029218653,"endHours":22.796524557979918,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:48","end":"23:54","startHours":22.796524557979918,"endHours":23.899858086741183,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:54","end":"01:00","startHours":23.899858086741183,"endHours":25.00319161550245,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:00","end":"02:06","startHours":25.00319161550245,"endHours":26.106525144263713,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:06","end":"03:13","startHours":26.106525144263713,"endHours":27.20985867302498,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:13","end":"04:19","startHours":27.20985867302498,"endHours":28.313192201786244,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:19","end":"05:19","startHours":4.313192201786243,"endHours":5.313192201786243,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:19","end":"06:19","startHours":5.313192201786243,"endHours":6.313192201786243,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:19","end":"07:19","startHours":6.313192201786243,"endHours":7.313192201786243,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:19","end":"08:19","startHours":7.313192201786243,"endHours":8.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:19","end":"09:19","startHours":8.313192201786244,"endHours":9.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:19","end":"10:19","startHours":9.313192201786244,"endHours":10.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:19","end":"11:19","startHours":10.313192201786244,"endHours":11.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:19","end":"12:19","startHours":11.313192201786244,"endHours":12.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:19","end":"13:19","startHours":12.313192201786244,"endHours":13.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:19","end":"14:19","startHours":13.313192201786244,"endHours":14.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:19","end":"15:19","startHours":14.313192201786244,"endHours":15.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:19","end":"16:19","startHours":15.313192201786244,"endHours":16.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:19","end":"17:19","startHours":16.313192201786244,"endHours":17.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:19","end":"18:19","startHours":17.313192201786244,"endHours":18.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:19","end":"19:19","startHours":18.313192201786244,"endHours":19.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:19","end":"20:19","startHours":19.313192201786244,"endHours":20.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:19","end":"21:19","startHours":20.313192201786244,"endHours":21.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:19","end":"22:19","startHours":21.313192201786244,"endHours":22.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:19","end":"23:19","startHours":22.313192201786244,"endHours":23.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:19","end":"00:19","startHours":23.313192201786244,"endHours":24.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:19","end":"01:19","startHours":24.313192201786244,"endHours":25.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:19","end":"02:19","startHours":25.313192201786244,"endHours":26.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:19","end":"03:19","startHours":26.313192201786244,"endHours":27.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:19","end":"04:19","startHours":27.313192201786244,"endHours":28.313192201786244,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":23.094785946090475,"eotMinutes":-3.4722852044708983,"ayanamsa":23.86}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2057,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vijaya","saka_samvat":1922,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikrama","bengali_samvat":1407,"malayalam_era":1176,"nanakshahi_year":531,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mithuna (Āni)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2057 Vijaya · Śaka 1922 Vikrama"},"festivals":[{"id":"mithuna-sankranti","name":"Mithuna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मिथुन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Gemini.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mithuna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"chicago"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 1, 2000 CE · Chicago, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 1, 2000 CE for Chicago, USA: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 04:19, sūryāsta 19:29.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2000-07-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2000-07-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2000-07-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2000-07-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/2000-07-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T00:01:39.376Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T00:01:39.376Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T00:01:39.376Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}