{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:chicago:1998-09-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1998-09-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-09-20","date_display":"September 20, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":9,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451076.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862611.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":152.3204,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":145.9622,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":353.6419,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.6419},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":145.9622,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.6289},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":298.2826},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":9,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451076.770833,"ahargana":1862611.2708,"kali_year":5100,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8351,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":153.05320000000006,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":145.5928,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.2445},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":115.37779999999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":148.0784,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":328.70180000000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":142.6316,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":8.682999999999993,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":129.8914,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":309.8914,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":9,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451076.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862611.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":152.3204,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":145.9622,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":353.6419,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.6419},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":145.9622,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.6289},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":298.2826},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.245,"elongation":6.358},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.245,"opposition_distance":173.642}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:34","sunsetLocal":"17:52","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":12.297182817262843,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 17 Mins 50 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 42 Mins 10 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:55","moonsetLocal":"17:32","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:20","end":"17:52","startHours":16.330981643780994,"endHours":17.86812949593885,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:43","end":"13:15","startHours":11.719538087307427,"endHours":13.256685939465282,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:48","end":"16:20","startHours":14.793833791623138,"endHours":16.330981643780994,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:26","end":"08:51","startHours":8.440289336037335,"endHours":8.850195429946098,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:05","end":"06:25","startHours":6.083329296061957,"endHours":6.411254171188967,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:19","end":"12:08","startHours":11.309631993398666,"endHours":12.129444181216188,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:56","end":"04:45","startHours":3.9313223030409596,"endHours":4.751134490858482,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:33","end":"05:34","startHours":4.546181443904102,"endHours":5.570946678676005,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:46","end":"14:35","startHours":13.769068556851234,"endHours":14.588880744668757,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:40","end":"18:04","startHours":17.66812949593885,"endHours":18.068129495938848,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:52","end":"18:23","startHours":17.86812949593885,"endHours":18.3805121133248,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:37","end":"19:22","startHours":17.61812949593885,"endHours":19.36812949593885,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:19","end":"00:08","startHours":23.309631993398664,"endHours":24.12944418121619,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:34","end":"07:06","startHours":5.570946678676005,"endHours":7.108094530833861,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:06","end":"08:39","startHours":7.108094530833861,"endHours":8.645242382991716,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:39","end":"10:11","startHours":8.645242382991716,"endHours":10.182390235149573,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:11","end":"11:43","startHours":10.182390235149573,"endHours":11.719538087307427,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:43","end":"13:15","startHours":11.719538087307427,"endHours":13.256685939465282,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:15","end":"14:48","startHours":13.256685939465282,"endHours":14.793833791623138,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:48","end":"16:20","startHours":14.793833791623138,"endHours":16.330981643780994,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:20","end":"17:52","startHours":16.330981643780994,"endHours":17.86812949593885,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:52","end":"19:20","startHours":17.86812949593885,"endHours":19.330981643780994,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:20","end":"20:48","startHours":19.330981643780994,"endHours":20.793833791623136,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:48","end":"22:15","startHours":20.793833791623136,"endHours":22.25668593946528,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:15","end":"23:43","startHours":22.25668593946528,"endHours":23.719538087307427,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:43","end":"01:11","startHours":23.719538087307427,"endHours":25.182390235149573,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:11","end":"02:39","startHours":25.182390235149573,"endHours":26.645242382991718,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:39","end":"04:06","startHours":26.645242382991718,"endHours":28.10809453083386,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:06","end":"05:34","startHours":28.10809453083386,"endHours":29.570946678676005,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:34","end":"06:34","startHours":5.570946678676005,"endHours":6.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:34","end":"07:34","startHours":6.570946678676005,"endHours":7.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:34","end":"08:34","startHours":7.570946678676005,"endHours":8.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:34","end":"09:34","startHours":8.570946678676005,"endHours":9.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:34","end":"10:34","startHours":9.570946678676005,"endHours":10.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:34","end":"11:34","startHours":10.570946678676005,"endHours":11.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:34","end":"12:34","startHours":11.570946678676005,"endHours":12.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:34","end":"13:34","startHours":12.570946678676005,"endHours":13.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:34","end":"14:34","startHours":13.570946678676005,"endHours":14.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:34","end":"15:34","startHours":14.570946678676005,"endHours":15.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:34","end":"16:34","startHours":15.570946678676005,"endHours":16.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:34","end":"17:34","startHours":16.570946678676005,"endHours":17.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:34","end":"18:34","startHours":17.570946678676005,"endHours":18.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:34","end":"19:34","startHours":18.570946678676005,"endHours":19.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:34","end":"20:34","startHours":19.570946678676005,"endHours":20.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:34","end":"21:34","startHours":20.570946678676005,"endHours":21.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:34","end":"22:34","startHours":21.570946678676005,"endHours":22.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:34","end":"23:34","startHours":22.570946678676005,"endHours":23.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:34","end":"00:34","startHours":23.570946678676005,"endHours":24.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:34","end":"01:34","startHours":24.570946678676005,"endHours":25.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:34","end":"02:34","startHours":25.570946678676005,"endHours":26.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:34","end":"03:34","startHours":26.570946678676005,"endHours":27.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:34","end":"04:34","startHours":27.570946678676005,"endHours":28.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:34","end":"05:34","startHours":28.570946678676005,"endHours":29.570946678676005,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":1.2371119127169163,"eotMinutes":7.346914761554353,"ayanamsa":23.8351}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[{"id":"mahalaya-amavasya","name":"Mahālaya Amāvasyā (Sarvapitṛ Amāvasyā)","name_sanskrit":"महालय अमावस्या","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Pitṛ-deva","significance":"Final day of Pitṛ-Pakṣa; tarpaṇa for all ancestors.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":30,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Āśvina"},"precedence":1}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Mahālaya Amāvasyā (Sarvapitṛ Amāvasyā) is not live yet; Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"chicago"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 20, 1998 CE · Chicago, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 20, 1998 CE for Chicago, USA: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 05:34, sūryāsta 17:52.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1998-09-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1998-09-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1998-09-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1998-09-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1998-09-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T10:39:07.428Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T10:39:07.428Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T10:39:07.428Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}